Modern Medicine, Pharmacy and Psychological Health

PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF TIME PERCEPTION BY INDIVIDUALS IN MODERN CONDITIONS

2025-07-07T10:24:32+03:00

This article examines the problem of psychological time perception by individuals in the modern world, focusing on temporal orientation in the contexts of social governance, intercultural communication, crisis situations, and armed conflict. It outlines how time transforms from a passive backdrop of human existence into an active social factor influencing self-identity, social behavior, and the effectiveness of management processes. Particular attention is paid to the transformation of temporal perceptions under the influence of stress, uncertainty, and social changes. The study substantiates that subjective time perception serves as an important tool for understanding social dynamics, developing effective management strategies, and designing psychosocial support programs. The article emphasizes the necessity of considering temporal aspects in public policy, especially during crises. Through source analysis, the article explores the neuropsychological, cognitive, and sociocultural mechanisms of time perception. It demonstrates that subjective time perception is a powerful instrument for analyzing social dynamics, predicting behavioral responses, and formulating effective management strategies. The concept of a «balanced time perspective» is highlighted as being linked to psychological well-being and adaptive capabilities. Four distinct types of time perception that have emerged in Ukrainian society during wartime are identified and characterized: 1 - orientation toward the past, 2 - focus on the present, 3 - integration of war into the temporal worldview, and 4 - active construction of the future. The article proposes a novel perspective on the role of temporal factors in social processes as a key mechanism for adapting to prolonged crises and restoring social cohesion. It concludes that psychological time perception is not merely an indicator of individual traits but also a crucial tool for analyzing social dynamics and forecasting post-crisis scenarios.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY IMAGE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL TIME IN PREGNANT WOMEN

2025-07-07T10:28:39+03:00

The article presents the results of a theoretical and experimental study of the relationship between body image and time in pregnant women. The aim of the study is to determine relationship between body image and psychological time in pregnant women. The objectives of the study are: to generalize theoretical concepts of corporality in relation to the subjective picture of the individual’s life path from the standpoint of psychological time; to conduct a comprehensive empirical study of body image in the context of psychological time in pregnant women. The main hypothesis: body image as an experience and understanding of bodily experience in the context of psychological time, integrating into the subjective picture of the life path, can lead to its transformations, manifested in a temporal orientation to the past, a narrowing and imbalance of the time perspective, a negative assessment of the pregnancy period, and the predominance of negative events in the adaptive resources of a pregnant woman. It has been determined that in women under 20 (experimental group), a decrease in the value of their own body during pregnancy is associated with the fact that the woman perceives herself negatively, her emotional background worsens, and the image of the child, with which these bodily changes are associated, acquires negative features. In women over 30 (control group), the general level of value of their own body increases during pregnancy and the body acquires greater significance than it had before pregnancy. If before pregnancy the value of the body was associated only with one's own activity, then during pregnancy it is associated with a large number of self-related characteristics, characteristics of a man and prenate. It has been proven that the processes of corporeality (experiencing and understanding bodily experience as a life situation and integrating it in a time perspective) can form the basis for the development of the above phenomena and precede deformation in pregnant women.

ASSESSMENT OF RENAL FUNCTION IN OVERWEIGHT ADULTS IN THE CONTEXT OF ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERS

2025-07-07T08:46:45+03:00

The study of kidney function in overweight individuals is one of the most important issues for modern medicine, as an increase in obesity can lead to an increase in the risk of kidney disease. The main factors that can affect the development of renal dysfunction are anthropometric data: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Materials and Methods. This study evaluated the association between the determinants and renal function. The study involved 150 adults of different sexes. Renal function was analyzed by determining creatinine clearance and standardizing data in the «RenNorm» computer program. Results and Discussion. Anthropometric parameters were measured using standard methods, and the results showed that an increase in BMI correlated with a significant decrease in creatinine clearance, indicating renal dysfunction. Waist circumference has been shown to be most strongly associated with renal function, and the role of visceral fat has been shown to be a major risk factor in the development of chronic kidney disease. The waist-to-hip ratio also showed a negative relationship with creatinine clearance. Conclusions. All the results confirm the importance of more detailed studies of anthropometric parameters in the future for the preventive identification of individuals with a predisposition to develop renal failure. Monitoring of anthropometric parameters can be used as one of the tools for the prevention of kidney disease in individuals with increased body weight.

C – REACTIVE PROTEIN IN THE METHOD OF CONVERSION OSTEOSYNTHESIS OF LONG BONES COMBAT INJURIES

2025-07-07T08:53:58+03:00

The problem of treating gunshot and mine-explosive trauma of the extremities among victims of modern hostilities remains relevant due to the high mortality and disability, which are due to the severity of the condition and damage, as well as the timing and nature of the reconstruction performed. The aim of our study was to determine the possibilities of the inflammation marker C-reactive protein in the process of conversion osteosynthesis in gunshot injuries of long bones. Materials and methods. To fulfill the tasks of our study, we formed a retrospective study array. It included 206 inpatients with long bone fractures that were obtained as a result of modern hostilities and met the inclusion criteria in the study. Results. The distribution of CRP levels on the third day of treatment showed that the observation groups had approximately the same distribution of its levels, which indicates that no statistically significant difference was found between them. The analysis of CRP levels in patients in the observation group established that on the 14th day of treatment after the conversion of the osteosynthesis method, a statistically significant (p≤0.01) significant decrease in indicators was detected. Based on the data presented, it can be stated that the conversion osteosynthesis of patients with combat injuries of long bones reduces the levels of the inflammatory marker CRP, which in turn indicates a decrease in the development of infectious complications in patients of this category. Conclusions. The study indicated that in patients with combat injuries of the lower extremities, the use of CRP as a marker of the development of infectious complications is possible and can be recommended for use in military healthcare. At the initial stage of treatment, the level of CRP was almost similar in the observation groups, however, after conversion osteosynthesis, a significant decrease in the level of CRP was noted compared to patients with perosseous osteosynthesis. The use of the inflammatory marker CRP is possible in the comprehensive diagnosis of infectious complications among patients with combat trauma of long bones, especially for determining the terms of conversion.

EFFICACY AND COMPLICATIONS OF PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROLITHOTRIPSY IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH UROLITHIASIS UNDERGOING ANTICOAGULANT AND ANTIPLATELET THERAPY

2025-07-07T08:58:54+03:00

Urolithiasis is a common urological pathology that often requires surgical intervention. A special group includes patients on anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy, as surgical treatment in such patients is associated with an increased risk of bleeding. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy and safety of percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PNLT) in patients with urolithiasis (UTI) receiving anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy and in patients without such therapy. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of the results of the treatment of 150 patients who underwent PNLT for renal calculi was performed. Patients were divided into two groups: Group IIa (n=72) - patients who received anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy, and Group IIb (n=78) - patients without such therapy. We evaluated the duration of hematuria, duration of nephrostomy and urethral catheter placement, duration of hospitalization, intraoperative visualization, complication rate according to the Clavien-Dindo classification, and complete stone removal rate (SFR). Results: patients in group IIa had a significantly longer duration of hematuria, longer retention of the nephrostomy and urethral catheter, and a longer hospital stay. Intraoperative visualization was worse in group IIa. The incidence of complications in group IIa was higher, mainly due to complications of category I-II according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. SFR did not have a statistically significant difference between the groups. Conclusions: LNLT is an effective method of treating urolithiasis in patients receiving anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy, with an SFR rate comparable to the results of treatment of patients without such therapy. However, this category of patients has a longer duration of hematuria, longer drainage and hospitalization, more frequent complications, and poorer intraoperative visualization, which requires modification of preoperative preparation and postoperative management.

MENTAL HEALTH OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS UNDER MARTIAL LAW: MODERN APPROACHES TO EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND REHABILITATION

2025-07-07T09:02:28+03:00

The article is devoted to the analysis of modern methods of early diagnosis and rehabilitation of children and adolescents who have experienced traumatic events in conditions of martial law. Particular attention is paid to the psychoemotional state of young people, including the level of anxiety, depression and other symptoms of post-traumatic stress. The use of various therapeutic approaches, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), art therapy and methods of socio-psychological support, in particular in conditions of war in Ukraine, is considered. The practical results of the application of these methods, their effectiveness in the rehabilitation and adaptation of children and adolescents, as well as the role of the social environment in the recovery process are studied. The article contains a review of scientific sources and studies related to the impact of war on the mental health of adolescents, and also suggests considering various rehabilitation programs for children. The purpose of the article is to evaluate modern methods of early diagnosis and rehabilitation of children and adolescents under martial law, in particular in Ukraine, with an emphasis on the psycho-emotional state of youth, the features of psychotherapeutic approaches and their effectiveness. A number of effective and culturally sensitive rehabilitation programs have been identified, including: TRT (Teaching Recovery Techniques) – a group program that helps children overcome the symptoms of traumatic experiences using cognitive-behavioral techniques. Hibuki therapy – a method using a therapeutic toy that helps stabilize the emotional state through the formation of a secure bond. Effective in combination with art therapy. The programs «Children and War», «Safe Space», «8-Step Program» for people who have experienced loss, as well as art therapy camps («Camp+») are aimed at restoring emotional balance, developing self-regulation skills and coping with stress.

INFLUENCE OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS ON THE RISK OF DEVELOPING METABOLIC SYNDROME IN OBESE PATIENTS

2025-07-07T09:07:26+03:00

Today, the problem of obesity is relevant on a global scale due to the associated metabolic and cardiovascular complications that lead to the development of metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome (MS) is a combination of metabolic risk factors characterised by abdominal obesity, dyslipidaemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertension and insulin resistance, which leads to the development of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which are the main causes of vascular damage. Lifestyle changes, especially in eating habits, are the main therapeutic strategy for treating and preventing metabolic syndrome. This study provides practical ideas for improving treatment in collaboration between clinicians, dietitians, and obese MS patients. Objective. To analyse the relationship between nutritional status and the development of MS in obese people. Materials and methods. The study searched and analysed relevant scientific information sources on risk factors for metabolic syndrome and possibilities for its prevention in obese people. The bibliosemantic method, methods of comparative analysis, systematisation and generalisation of information, and structural and logical analysis were used in the study. Results and discussion. The main source of MetS is insulin resistance, which plays a central role in the onset, progression and transition of MetS to other metabolic disorders. Individuals who are prone to increased carbohydrate intake, which contributes to high blood pressure, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, are at high risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Consumption of foods with a low glycaemic index and high fibre content helps to reduce insulinemia and insulin resistance. A lowfat diet benefits the management of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and improves lipid profile, but only in the short term. Consumption of large amounts of saturated fat and trans fatty acids is associated with a negative impact on insulin action. In contrast, consumption of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats has the opposite effect. Essential monounsaturated fatty acids and small amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids support normal cholesterol levels and cardiovascular health. A highprotein diet is effective in treating obesity, as well as MetS and glycaemic control. Conclusions. Modern diets and nutrition models have different effects on each risk factor for MS. However, all of them should be compatible with calorie restriction, which is most effective in metabolic disorders. Proper dietary recommendations with controlled energy intake can influence and prevent the development of MS in obese patients.

ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND DIET OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN

2025-07-07T09:15:50+03:00

Chronic low back pain is an urgent problem of the modern population, which leads to impaired daily functioning, increases the number of days of disability and worsens the quality of life. In recent years, a number of theories have emerged that link chronic low back pain to lifestyle components, including poor nutritional status and certain eating patterns. Studying the nutritional status and eating habits of patients with chronic low back pain will help to identify problems and, by implementing appropriate nutritional interventions, potentially improve the pain status and overall health of patients. Objective. To assess the nutritional status, diet and nutrition of patients with chronic low back pain. Materials and methods. On the basis of the Rehabilitation Department of the University Clinic of the Bogomolets National Medical University, a survey of 195 people aged 18-60 years with chronic nonspecific low back pain was conducted. The subjects were assessed for nutritional status, diet and nutrition by questionnaire. Results. The average age of the subjects was 32.7±12.7 years, among them 68% were women and 32% were men. According to the body mass index, it was found that only 43% of the subjects had normal nutritional status. Insufficient nutritional status was observed in 5% of the subjects, excessive nutritional status in 36%, obesity of the first degree in 12%, and obesity of the second degree in 4%. Among the subjects, 48% did not have a full breakfast, and 53% tended to overeat during dinner. It was found that only 44% of the subjects eat fruits daily, 50% vegetables and only 28% consumed cereals and grains, most of the people (88%) did not eat legumes in their diet. It was found that 65% of the respondents consumed fish in their diet once a week or did not consume it at all, and only 20% consumed dairy products daily. A significant proportion of the subjects abused foods with pro-inflammatory properties and consumed insufficient fluids per day. Conclusions. Among patients with chronic lumbar pain, a high percentage of patients with excessive nutritional status and obesity, non-compliance with general recommendations for healthy eating and dietary regimen were found. In the management of patients with chronic low back pain, it is necessary to assess the nutritional status, identify its disorders and apply nutritional interventions to form a healthy eating pattern.

FEATURES OF CLINICAL SYMPTOMS OF SPRENGEL'S DISEASE

2025-07-07T09:19:23+03:00

Sprengel's disease is a rare congenital disorder with no known cause. The amount of information about this disease is limited. It is characterised by an atypical location of the underdeveloped scapula on the neck, restriction of its mobility and arm, muscle atrophy, which is sometimes combined with other developmental defects: scoliosis, bone fusion of the cervical vertebrae, and shortening of the upper limb. As a rule, the disease is unilateral – 80%. The prognosis for life is favourable, functional – not favourable. Aim. To study the peculiarities of clinical manifestations of Sprengel's disease and to draw the attention of practitioners to the main concomitant changes that occur most often in order to diagnose and treat them in a timely manner. Materials and methods. A boy D. aged 17 years, who was undergoing inpatient treatment was examined. A comprehensive examination was conducted: X-ray radiography (standard equipment); computerised planography; abdominal ultrasound (standard equipment). Inpatient and outpatient records were studied. The data obtained were compared with the results of research conducted by scientists over the past ten years. Results. A thorough examination revealed a rare congenital pathology – right-sided Sprengel's disease. The high position of the right shoulder blade was the cause of difficult childbirth and simulated congenital muscular torticollis, for which he was unsuccessfully treated for a long time. The left-sided, adolescent, upper-thoracic scoliosis of the second degree contributed to the lowering of the right scapula, resulting in a ‘pseudocorrection’ of the high scapular position. An additional lung lobe of the unpaired vein (v. azygos), a double right kidney, atopic dermatitis, congenital malformation of the right foot with its shortening, and bilateral flat feet were detected: I stage – on the right; II stage – on the left. Conclusions. Sprengel's disease is a rare disease combined with multiple malformations of the development, lungs, kidneys, feet, scoliosis, hip dysplasia, and haemorrhoids. In our case, the multiple malformations were right-sided. Recurrent bronchitis, conjunctivitis, tonsil hyperplasia, dermatitis are manifestations of a whole group of atopic diseases. Multiple developmental defects in the boy, mother, and older brother indicate a family nature of the disease with various phenotypic manifestations. Prospects for further research. The limited number of clinical observations of this disease requires further in-depth study of this interesting disease for the purpose of early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of possible complications in the process of child growth.

INNOVATIVE HYDROGEL COMPOSITIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF BURN WOUNDS WITH ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES: A LITERATURE REVIEW

2025-07-07T09:25:34+03:00

Burn injuries of the skin are a serious medical and social problem that requires effective treatment that can simultaneously control the inflammatory process, inhibit microbial contamination and stimulate tissue regeneration. The purpose of this study is to analyse the market for modern innovative hydrogel formulations used to treat burn wounds, with a focus on their anti-inflammatory properties, mechanisms of action, efficacy and potential limitations in clinical practice. Particular emphasis is placed on the possibility of introducing innovative hydrogel wound dressings with pronounced antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties. Materials and methods. This study is based on an analysis of scientific publications contained in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from 2020 to 2025. The following keywords and their combinations were used to select the literature: «burn wounds», «hydrogels», «nanoparticles», «antimicrobial agents», «polymeric materials». The analysis involved scientific papers covering the effectiveness of hydrogel compositions in the treatment of burn injuries, including the results of laboratory experiments (in vitro), preclinical tests on laboratory animals (in vivo) and clinical trials (phases I-III). The article analyses publications that reveal the properties of hydrogel materials with a pronounced antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and regenerative effect, as well as those that study the mechanisms of interaction of metal nanoparticles (Ag, Zn, Ti, Cu) with polymeric structures in the composition of dressings. Particular attention is paid to studies comparing the effectiveness of hydrogel compositions and traditional methods of treating burn wounds (antibacterial ointments, silicone dressings and collagen coatings). The results were evaluated using histological, microbiological and molecular biological methods of analysis. Results. Hydrogel compositions demonstrate high efficiency in the treatment of burn wounds due to their ability to maintain a moist environment, reduce cytokine levels and inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. The integration of silver (Ag), zinc (Zn) and titanium (Ti) nanoparticles provides a pronounced antimicrobial effect, while polymeric nanoparticles improve the bioavailability of active ingredients and their prolonged release. The additional introduction of growth factors, polyphenols and analgesic substances promotes faster tissue regeneration and pain relief. Conclusions. The development of hydrogel wound dressings with combined antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties is a promising area in modern medicine. Further research should be aimed at optimising the composition, biocompatibility and stability of the developed experimental hydrogel compositions for their further widespread implementation in clinical practice.

LEFT VENTRICULAR ANEURYSM AS ONE OF THE MOST SERIOUS COMPLICATIONS OF TRANSMURAL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

2025-07-07T09:31:11+03:00

Diagnosis and surgical care for injuries to the cardiovascular system pose a serious challenge for the military and medical community. This encourages further improvement of diagnostic methods, treatment and rehabilitation of victims. Improving diagnostic methods and surgical care is an urgent need that requires the development of effective treatment strategies. The current state of medical science and practice indicates the constant development of diagnostic methods, surgical techniques and medical technologies, which allow achieving incredible results in restoring the health of victims. The ideal combination of a scientific approach and practical applicability becomes a decisive factor for effective medical care in conditions of limited resources, unpredictable situations and time pressure. There is a need to improve the medical field, which would ultimately contribute to more effective saving of lives of people with diseases of the cardiovascular system. One of the key components of success is a deep understanding of the anatomy, physiology and pathology of the cardiovascular system. Research in this area requires a thorough study of the experience of various medical specialists, combined with their own practice. The acquisition of best practices, improvement of diagnostic and therapeutic methods, as well as the study of the latest medical technologies are necessary to achieve the best results in life-saving operations for disorders of the cardiovascular system. The article expands scientific knowledge in the field of surgical medicine, improves approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular system injuries, and also identifies approaches to increasing the effectiveness of medical care in complex clinical cases. This research also has the potential to influence the further development of medical science and help improve approaches to the treatment of other important medical conditions. The results of the study will make a significant contribution to the practice of providing medical care and will help improve the survival and quality of life of victims with injuries to the cardiovascular system.

PATHOGENETIC MECHANISMS OF EPILEPSY DEVELOPMENT IN PATIENTS IN THE ACUTE PERIOD OF ISCHEMIC STROKE

2025-07-07T09:33:41+03:00

Acute cerebrovascular accidents are one of the factors in the development of acquired epilepsy, especially in the elderly. Approximately one in ten adults has a first epileptic seizure associated with a stroke, and one in four over the age of 65. In middleaged and elderly patients who are newly diagnosed with epilepsy, the risk of developing a stroke in the next 2-3 years increases 2-3 times. Despite numerous studies, the mechanisms of epilepsy development in patients with acute ischaemic stroke have not yet been fully defined. It is known that stroke causes neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier disruption, gliomas and neurotransmitter imbalance, which can lead to seizures. Further study of the mechanisms of this process is necessary to develop effective treatment and prevention strategies. The aim of the study is to analyse the pathogenetic mechanisms of epilepsy in patients with acute ischaemic stroke. The study focuses on the neurophysiological, biochemical and molecular changes that cause epileptogenesis. Systematisation of these data may help in the development of effective methods of prevention and treatment. Materials and methods. For a systematic review of the literature, we searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Google Scholar (2019-2025). The key phrases used were: «epilepsy after acute stroke», «acute ischaemic stroke and seizures», «pathogenesis of epilepsy in acute stroke». Peer-reviewed articles, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and experimental studies covering the pathophysiological mechanisms of post-stroke epilepsy were selected. The literature review summarises the current understanding of the role of ischaemia, inflammation, neuroplasticity and changes in neurotransmitter systems in the development of epilepsy after acute ischaemic stroke. Conclusion. Epilepsy in patients with acute ischaemic stroke is a serious complication that worsens the recovery of patients. Its development is associated with glutamate excitotoxicity, dysfunction of the GABAergic system, neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier disruption. Early seizures are caused by acute metabolic changes, while later seizures indicate deeper structural disorders of the brain. Changes in ion channels and excessive activation of NMDA receptors play an important role. Genetic predisposition also increases the risk of epilepsy after stroke. Understanding these mechanisms will help to develop effective approaches to prevention and treatment.

CORRECTION OF THE ENERGY COMPONENT IN THE COMPLEX TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH UNSTABLE ANGINA AND ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION

2025-07-07T09:38:31+03:00

For the management of unstable angina (UA) patients, it is important to consider not only traditional comprehensive drug treatment, but the use of techniques to activate the energy resource of the cardiovascular system and the whole organism. Modern protocols for the management of patients with UA do not take into account the correction of the energy component. The latter opens up new opportunities for both treatment and rehabilitation of this group of patients. Aim: to study the impact of the correction of the energy component on the clinical course of UA in the complex treatment of patients with UA and hypertension. Methodology: 113 patients with UA and concomitant hypertension of stage II, 2-3 degrees, aged 63.8±8.4 years (41 men and 72 women), were examined. Patients were divided into 4 groups: main group I (MG I) (n=22) – adults 55.7±5.2 years old, main group II (MG II) (n=44) – elderly 68.7±4.7 years old, control group I (CG I) (n=20) – adults 54.3±4.3 years old, control group II (CG II) (n=27) – elderly 69.2±4.8 years old. All patients underwent electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography, measurement of blood pressure (BP), respiratory rate (RR), and chest X-ray. The diagnosis of UA and AH was established according to recommendations. All patients received drug therapy according to the protocols, patients of MG I and MG II additionally performed selected modified gymnastics exercises during period of hospitalisation. Changes in the patient's condition were recorded by surveying complaints, monitoring ECG, BP, and RR after 10 and 20 days of treatment. Results: Among patients of MG I, on the 10th day of therapy, complete remission of pain in the heart area was achieved in 11 people (55%), which allowed to cancel painkillers (for comparison, in CG 1 – 7 people (35%), p = 0.024); and in 45% of cases – to reduce their dosage by half, and after another 10 days – there was no need to take antianginal drugs. Complete remission of pain syndrome in group MG 1 was achieved for a period of 6 months. In MG 2, after 14 days, the dose of antianginal drugs was halved, and on the 20th day, the dose of ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers was halved, nitrates were discontinued in 33 patients (75%). There was no possibility to adjust the dose in the direction of its reduction or to discontinue drugs of the nitrate, ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers group in CG2. Complete remission of pain syndrome in MG2 was recorded on the 37th (33-41st) day of therapy (on the 5th week of therapy). Conclusions: for patients with UA and concomitant hypertension of stage II of 2-3 degrees, it is advisable to use selective modified exercises in complex treatment both for correction of the energy component in the areas of metameric innervation of the cardiovascular basin, and for stimulation of the general energy resource.

CERVICAL DYSPLASIA: CURRENT INSIGHTS IN PATHOGENESIS, DIAGNOSIS, PROGNOSIS, PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT

2025-07-07T09:42:53+03:00

The aim of the study. To conduct a systematic analysis of current knowledge about the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, prevention and clinical management of cervical dysplasia; to identify key risk factors, the role of oncogenic types of human papillomavirus (HPV), the diagnostic value of molecular markers, as well as the cost-effectiveness of screening and treatment strategies based on current clinical guidelines. Methodology. The study was based on a systematic review of the literature for 2010-2024, including the results of randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and FIGO, ESGO, WHO guidelines on the diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment of cervical dysplasia. The evidence was summarized with a focus on the clinical and economic effectiveness of biomarker support, screening programs, and tactical approaches to the management of patients with CIN1-3. Scientific novelty. It has been established that the integration of highly specific biomarkers (p16INK4a, Ki-67), HPV genotyping and modified screening strategies (HPV testing in combination with cytology) can improve diagnostic accuracy and individualize treatment approaches. The high clinical and cost-effectiveness of excisional treatments for HSIL, as well as the potential for using thermal ablation in patients with limited access to health care services, were revealed. Conclusions. A comprehensive strategy to combat cervical dysplasia should include early vaccination, the introduction of high-precision molecular diagnostic methods, and algorithmic management of patients according to the degree of dysplasia and associated risk factors. Early diagnosis, risk stratification using biomarkers, and the use of cost-effective therapeutic interventions can significantly reduce cervical cancer morbidity and mortality and ensure the preservation of women's reproductive health.

COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF MORPHOMETRIC PARAMETRS OF SINUSOIDAL HEMOCAPILLARIES OF THE LIVER AFTER 2 AND 4 WEEKS OF EXPERIMENTAL EXPOSURE TO 10% CANNABIDIOL OIL

2025-07-07T09:58:40+03:00

Introduction. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid found in Cannabis sativa, the popularity, use and availability of which is growing worldwide. CBD has been shown to be therapeutically effective in treating severe epileptic diseases in children, and is also used to treat pain, anxiety, and depression, among other things. However, there is evidence in the literature of side effects and hepatotoxicity associated with the use of CBD. Additional experimental and clinical studies are needed to determine the nature and severity of liver damage, including vascular damage, and hemodynamic features, particularly at the level of the capillary network. The purpose of the study: to determine the features of the morphological organization and morphometric parameters of sinusoidal hemocapillaries of the liver after 2 and 4 weeks of experimental exposure to 10% Cannabidiol oil. Methodology: The material for morphological research was the liver tissue of rats of the control and experimental groups. The experimental group was divided into 2 series of rats with different terms of exposure to 10% cannabidiol oil. Rats of the first series (14 individuals) were given orally dripped 10% cannabidiol oil at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day once a day for 2 weeks, rats of the second series (14 individuals) were given orally dripped 10% cannabidiol oil at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day once a day for 4 weeks. The experiments were conducted in accordance with the provisions of the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes (Strasbourg, 1986), Council of Europe Directive 2010/63/EU, Law of Ukraine No. 3447-IV “On the Protection of Animals from Cruelty to Animals”. To objectify the results of the study, a morphometric method was used to determine the diameters of sinusoidal hemocapillaries of the liver of rats of the control and experimental groups of both series using the Aperio ImageScope v12.3.3 software (Leica biosystems, Wetzlar, Germany). Statistical calculations were performed. The difference was considered statistically significant at a minimum significance level of p<0.05. Scientific novelty. The microscopic organization of the liver lobule was preserved and did not undergo histopathological changes under the conditions of experimental exposure to 10% CBD oil (10 mg/kg/day) as a dietary supplement for two and four weeks. The average diameter of the sinusoids in both series of the experimental group did not differ significantly from the control (p>0.05) and did not differ in dynamics (p>0.05). Diagnosed single dilated and hyperemic sinusoids in two series of the experimental group, respectively in 21.43% and 28.57% did not differ from the control group (20%) (p>0.05). Conclusions. The results of morphological and morphometric analysis of liver sinusoids after two and four weeks of experimental exposure to CBD indicate the safety of using a 10% CBD oil at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day.

CHICKENPOX AND PREGNANCY

2025-07-07T10:03:33+03:00

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of Chickenpox in pregnancy. Chickenpox is a common not a severe childhood illness but if this develops in pregnancy it is associated with serious adverse sequelae such as congenital varicella syndrome, maternal VZV pneumonia and neonatal varicella infection which may lead to feto-maternal morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to analyze and systematize data on the problem of Varicella Zoster Virus (Chickenpox) Infection in Pregnancy. Materials and methods. The materials of the study were international and national concepts and strategies, regulatory documents, clinical guidelines, information from scientific databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed. The methods of comparative analysis, systematization and generalization of information on the problem of Chickenpox in pregnancy were used. Results and discussion. Chickenpox is a common infectious disease, usually mild in children and more severe, complicated, and even fatal in adults. Chickenpox during pregnancy is not very common, but despite this, it remains a serious problem for this category of patients, associated with the development of pneumonia, hepatitis, encephalitis, and leads to 2% mortality among mothers. Mortality from maternal chickenpox pneumonia can range from 3-14% to 20-45%, depending on whether timely therapy was initiated. Clinical forms of intrauterine chickenpox are Сongenital Varicella Syndrome (CVS) and Neonatal Varicella. The severity of clinical manifestations in the fetus and newborn will depend on many factors: gestational age, form of infection in the mother, severity of the disease, presence of concomitant pathology in mother. In the medical literature of recent years, there is not much systematic data on this problem, and the seriousness of the adverse effects makes it necessary to study this issue in more depth. Conclusions. The necessity of a more significant study of the problem of Chickenpox in Pregnancy, complications, clinical manifestations has been substantiated.

RISK FACTORS AFFECTING THE FORMATION OF ORTHODONTIC DISORDERS

2025-07-07T10:09:17+03:00

The development of the dentofacial system is a result of the interaction between heredity and environment. Genotype determines the developmental potential, while external factors can both promote and hinder its realization. Understanding the genetic basis of orthodontic anomalies is one of the most important directions of modern dentistry. In-depth research into the hereditary mechanisms underlying the development of these disorders opens up new perspectives for the development of effective methods of prevention and treatment, as well as a personalized approach to each patient. Objective. To conduct a comparative analysis of the risk factors forming malocclusions. Methods. In the course of the study, scientific developments published on the research platforms Google Scholar and PubMed were analyzed. A bibliosemantic method and structural-logical analysis were used. The methodological basis of the study was a systematic approach. Conclusions. The formation of malocclusion is the result of a complex interaction between genetic predisposition and exogenous factors. Although genetic determination plays a significant role in the development of the dentofacial system, the influence of external factors, such as myofunctional disorders, somatic diseases, and environmental conditions, is no less important. Thus, they influence morphogenesis processes, leading to developmental anomalies. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, allow external factors to modify gene expression without changing the nucleotide sequence. Thus, they influence morphogenesis processes, leading to the development of phenotypic deviations.

SEARCH FOR AGENTS AND STUDY OF BIOCIDAL ACTION OF VARIOUS SUBSTANCES TO REDUCE MICROBIAL LOAD IN DENTAL OFFICES

2025-07-07T10:16:17+03:00

Dentists are exposed to a large number of dust particles while performing dental procedures, which can adversely affect their health. The risk of bacterial and viral infections is also high among dental personnel. Objective. To summarize current scientific literature data on the impact of dental dust on dentists and propose protective measures to reduce its harmfulness through the use of pre-procedural mouth rinsing and antimicrobial solution dispersion in dentists' working environment. Materials and Methods. Methods of information retrieval and analysis of scientific data, microbiological studies were used. Results and Discussion. A study was conducted on the range of finished medicinal products for topical use in dentistry available on the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market as of December 2024, and scientific literature data on the development of new medicinal products of this type of action were analyzed. It was found that synthetic medicinal products occupy the leading position, while herbal medicinal products represent approximately one-third of the total number of medicinal products, though most of them are produced by domestic manufacturers. The leaders among medicinal plants, extracts, and essential oils included in herbal medicinal products for topical use in dentistry, by frequency of use, are: Eucalyptus viminalis, Calendula officinalis, Matricaria chamomilla, and Salvia officinalis. Manufacturers of medicinal products primarily produce them in the form of medicinal plant raw materials for preparing infusions and decoctions, tinctures, and less frequently tablets or sprays. Essential oils are most commonly used for air dispersion in the working environment due to their high biological activity. In order to select agents for pre-procedural mouth rinsing and air dispersion in the dentists' working environment, several solutions in various concentrations were studied with substances of natural origin – rhamnolipids, propolis tincture, cinnamon oil, and synthetic agents – cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorhexidine bigluconate, as well as solutions with combination of rhamnolipids and the above mentioned antimicrobial agents. Conclusions. The combination of pre-procedural mouth rinsing with air dispersion of essential oil using an air purifier with a humidifier can reduce the harmful effects of dental dust on dentists. The results of the microbiological study prove the promising use of cinnamon oil for air dispersion in the working environment to reduce microbial load in dental offices. The use of rhamnolipids at concentrations of 0.1-0.5 g/L does not show significant antimicrobial activity against the test microorganism S. aureus and does not seriously affect the enhancement of antimicrobial activity of other agents; however, considering their surface activity, they may promote solubilization and precipitation of dental dust particles, which requires further research.

ADHESION AND COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF "MERON" AND "TOTAL-CEM" CEMENTS TO DENTIN, KHS ALLOY AND PRESS CERAMICS IPS E.MAX PRESS

2025-07-07T10:20:38+03:00

The aim of the study. Comparative evaluation of glass ionomer cements «Meron», «Total-Cem» to dentin, KHS alloy and press ceramics IPS e.max Press. Research materials and methods. Experimental studies were conducted on 5 samples obtained by removing single-channel teeth and 5 separate measurement results were obtained: A1, A2, A3, A4, A5. Posts made of KHS alloy and IPS e.max Press press ceramics were fixed in the root canals using Meron and Total-Cem fixing cements. The posts were provided with fasteners for installation in a breaking machine. Scientific novelty. The intensity of electron transfer and, consequently, the surface density of separated charges, which determines the strength of the adhesion of glass ionomer cements to metals, depends not only on the concentration of free charges in metals, but also on the concentration of their capture centers in the cement. Such free charge capture centers in Meron glass ionomer cement can be chain breaks, free radicals, unsaturated bonds and other defects in the cement structure. The concentration of such defects depends on the strength of single bonds in glass ionomer cements. Such single bonds are C-H and C-C bonds. Their rupture energy depends on the chain structure and is 80 - 95 kcal/mol. These bonds are purely covalent in nature and in the case of their rupture, the carbon atom in the chain remains an unpaired electron, due to which it can form a covalent bond with the metal atom of the inlay. Conclusions. Adhesion of glass ionomer cements with various metals and alloys is determined by the physical and chemical properties of the oxide layer formed on the surface of the metals. In particular, the higher the electrical conductivity of the oxide layer and the greater the concentration of the main Lewis centers in it, the higher the adhesion of SIC to metals. The bond strength with enamel is always higher than with dentin due to the higher content of inorganic substances and higher homogeneity.

APPLICATION WITH VARIATION OF EXPERIMENTAL PARAMETERS OF THE HPLC METHOD IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ASCORBIC ACID SUBSTANCE

2025-07-07T10:33:11+03:00

The article is devoted to the identification and investigation of the purity of the ascorbic acid substance, namely the detection of accompanying and unacceptable impurities, by the method of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with the adaptation of chromatography conditions and modification of research methods. The purpose of the work. To introduce an alternative chromatography method - the method of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a method with a higher identification capacity in the analysis of the tested substance of ascorbic acid in order to detect impurities of various origins in its composition; adapt the chromatography conditions and modify the research methods with optimal conditions for the protection of ascorbic acid molecules – active substance (API) of medicines from chemical degradation. Methodology. Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) is a necessary nutrient for the human body, found in natural sources - leafy vegetables, fruits and berries. Ascorbic acid exists in the form of two enantiomers (L-, D-), among which the L-isomer is more common in nature. The D-isomer can be synthesized by organic synthesis, but has no significant biological value. In case of vitamin C deficiency, scurvy develops. Vitamin C has antioxidant properties and is a powerful regenerator. Therapeutic use of ascorbic acid includes prevention of ascorbic acid deficiency, as well as treatment of scurvy and anemia. Vitamin C lowers blood pressure and cholesterol levels in the body. During the synthesis of ascorbic acid substances, the formation of by-products, semi-products, accompanying impurities is possible, the presence of most of which is not regulated by the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine (SPU), European Pharmacopoeia (Eur.Ph.) and British Pharmacopoeia. In addition, the pharmacopoeial analysis of ascorbic acid involves the use of the liquid chromatography (LC) method. The highly selective method of HPLC chromatography provides a thorough analysis of the substance and a high degree of separation of components, which allows you to detect unregulated pharmacopoeias and unacceptable accompanying impurities in the composition of the tested substance and to draw a conclusion about the degree of its purity. Scientific novelty. Implementation of the modern highly selective HPLC method into the practice of pharmaceutical analysis of the ascorbic acid substance by adapting the chromatographic conditions and modifying the research methods with optimal conditions for the protection of API molecules – ascorbic acid from chemical degradation. Materials and methods. Samples of the substance of ascorbic acid, pharmacopoeial standard samples of SPU of ascorbic acid impurity C, ascorbic acid impurity D; HPLC, Agilent 1260 Infinity II chromatograph with UV detector, Zorbax NH2 column with a temperature of 25˚С; flow – 0.6 ml/min; injection volume – 20 μl; chromatography time – 60 min; UV detection at 210 nm; reagents were used to determine impurities by the HPLC method: acetonitrile (pure for HPLC), water for chromatography P (pure for HPLC), potassium dihydrogen phosphate; computer analysis by the OpenLab CDS program. Conclusions. The conditions of HPLC chromatography of the ascorbic acid substance were adapted in order to determine its purity. The proposed system of mobile phases: mobile phase A - potassium dihydrogen phosphate - water for chromatography P (filtrated), mobile phase B - acetonitrile P, mobile phase - phosphate buffer solution (phase A) - acetonitrile (phase B), 25:75 (V/V). Mobile phase A is proposed to dissolve the test substance of ascorbic acid. In order to adapt the chromatography conditions and protect the molecular structure of the substance from chemical and thermal degradation, it is proposed to vary some procedure parameters: flow rate, column temperature, which are milder and do not affect the quality of the analysis.4 unidentified impurities were found in the tested sample of the ascorbic acid substance: imp1 (Rt=2.984 min), imp2 (Rt=3.641 min), imp3 (Rt=7.744 min), imp4 (Rt=14.523 min), the presence of which is not regulated by pharmacopoeias. During the study, no specified impurity С.

RESEARCH OF THE ASSORTMENT OF WEIGHT LOSS PRODUCTS AND CONSUMER ATTITUDES TOWARDS THEIR USE

2025-07-07T10:37:53+03:00

Excess weight is a medical and social problem that can often lead to the uncontrolled consumption of medicines and dietary supplements for weight loss. Analysis of recent studies and publications has shown that studies comparing the assortment of medicines and dietary supplements for weight loss and weight control, as well as consumer attitudes towards their use, have not been conducted. The aim of the study was to characterize the modern nomenclature of medicines and dietary supplements for weight loss and weight control and to investigate consumer attitudes towards the use of these products. The materials of the study were data from the State Register of Medicines of Ukraine, the informational resource Сompendium. onLine, scientific publications, and questionnaires. Information search, comparative analysis, and questionnaires were used. Results. A comparison of the assortment of medicines and dietary supplements for weight loss and weight control was made according to data from the State Register of Medicines of Ukraine and the rubric «Dietary Supplements» on the information resource compendium.onLine. The distribution of the analyzed set of dietary supplements by manufacturers and forms of release was carried out. The rating of the main domestic manufacturers of dietary supplements for weight loss and weight control was established. An anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted using Google Forms with 156 respondents, and it was found that the vast majority of respondents consider the problem of excess weight to be a serious medical problem that requires consultation with a doctor before starting the use of any weight loss products, have a negative attitude towards the use of medicines and dietary supplements for weight loss, and prefer physical exercise and adherence to a diet for weight loss and weight control. Conclusions. As of January 1, 2025, the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine in the segment of weight loss and weight control products offers 4 medicines and 193 dietary supplements. The leader in the number of dietary supplement positions is the Ukrainian company LTD «Kliuchi zdorovia» (Kharkiv) – 50 positions (25.91% of the total assortment). A questionnaire survey established consumer attitudes towards the problem of using medicines and dietary supplements for weight loss and weight control and their preferences when choosing weight loss products and methods.

QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF FLAVONOIDS IN JUNIPERI GALBULUS (JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS L.)

2025-07-07T10:42:19+03:00

Recently, in Ukraine and the world, there has been a growing interest in the study, implementation and practical use of medicinal plant raw materials and herbal medicines in the prevention and treatment of a wide range of diseases. Medicinal plants from the family Cupressaceae, in particular Juniperus communis L. (common juniper), deserve special attention due to the content of valuable biologically active substances and practical use in folk medicine. In Ukraine, the plant grows mainly in Polesie, in the Carpathians and in the Crimea, but demonstrates high adaptive potential, which, in turn, can lead to significant phytochemical variability. Environmental conditions are known for their influence on the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in plants, so the chemical composition, including the flavonoid profile, can differ significantly between populations from different geographical regions and ecological niches. This emphasizes the importance of studying domestic local populations. The study of biologically active substances of plant origin remains a key direction of modern pharmacognosy, phytochemistry and pharmaceutical science. Among secondary metabolites, flavonoids attract special attention of scientists, since the antioxidant properties of medicinal plant raw materials are largely due to the content of polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids. The feasibility of determining the content of flavonoids in domestic raw materials juniperi galbulus is important, relevant and will allow a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of pharmacological action of the plant. The aim of the work was to conduct a quantitative determination of flavonoids in juniperi galbulus of local populations of Juniperus communis L. of the western region of Ukraine harvested in 2024. Materials and methods. Juniperi galbulus was harvested in 2024 in an ecologically clean region of Lviv region. Dried and standardized according to the requirements of the State Federal University of Ukraine. The total ash content in the raw material was determined according to the State Federal University of Ukraine (2.4.16). The extract was obtained by maceration with a ratio of raw material to extractant - 1:20. The optimal particle size (from 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0 mm) of the crushed raw material and the extractant (70% or 90% ethanol) for maximum extraction of flavonoids were experimentally established. The content of flavonoids in the extracts was determined using a modified spectrophotometric method using the complexation reaction of flavonoids with aluminum chloride in terms of quercetin. Results and discussion. Juniperus communis L. is an evergreen coniferous plant known for its antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral and other properties, which is widely used for medical purposes. The official raw material is the cones of juniperi galbulus, which have a centuries-old history of use in traditional medicine of many cultures of the world as an effective diuretic for edema of various origins, as well as for kidney and bladder diseases. The literature data indicate continuous research on the content of biologically active compounds of juniperi galbulus and the functional role of individual components in order to scientifically substantiate the correlation «composition-activity». Flavonoids that are part of juniperi galbulus cause capillary strengthening, cardiotropic, antispasmodic, hypotensive, choleretic, hepatoprotective, hemostatic and anti-inflammatory effects. Studies of the qualitative and quantitative composition of flavonoids in juniperi galbulus harvested in Ukraine are practically absent. Identification of populations with a significant content of flavonoids, a sufficient raw material base of Juniperus communis L. will become the basis for the creation of new standardized phytotherapeutic agents with proven effectiveness. Dried ripe juniperi galbulus Juniperus communis L. spherical in shape, about 9-10 mm in diameter, purple-brown in color with a bluish bloom were crushed and used to obtain extracts. The total ash content in the raw material was 3.6%. The results of experimental studies indicate that the highest content of flavonoids in terms of quercetin (0.42 ± 0.03 mg/g) was observed in the extract obtained with 90% ethanol from raw materials ground to a particle size of 1.0 mm. (in plant raw materials, respectively, 8.38 ± 0.01 mg/g). In juniperi galbulus, the content of these compounds was 8.38 ± 0.01 mg/g. Conclusions. The results of the study are of great importance for phytochemistry, pharmacognosy and can be used to search for raw materials with a high content of valuable components and create new effective phytotherapeutic agents, as well as to substantiate approaches to sustainable use and conservation of natural resources of juniper in Ukraine. Further research will allow expanding the aspects of the use of juniper fruits in the pharmaceutical industry.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF READINESS FOR INCLUSIVE EDUCATION ON THE EXAMPLE OF TWO UNIVERSITIES IN UKRAINE AND THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND

2025-07-07T10:56:16+03:00

In Ukraine, due to martial law, inclusive education and the creation of a barrier-free space for people with disabilities are taking on a new meaning. Purpose. To study the European experience and conduct a comparative analysis of the provision of educational services to people with disabilities (PD) by two higher education institutions: a domestic University and a University of an EU country. Methods and materials. The comparative analysis method was applied to ensure the readiness of the provision of educational services to PD on the materials we collected from the documents of the National University «Lviv Polytechnic» (NULP) (Ukraine) and the University of Opole (Republic of Poland). Storage of information on the organization of inclusive education is carried out within the framework of the GoodPharma project. The materials used were data from the PD Resource Center, the Lviv City Organization of the Ukrainian Society of the Deaf, the Galician Pharmaceutical Association (Lviv), the Lviv branch of the All- Ukrainian Association of Sign Language Interpreters and People with Disabilities. Results and discussion. The National Strategy for the Creation of Barrier-Free Space in Ukraine for the Period Until 2030 is reviewed, which is oriented towards international documents, in particular for the implementation of the right to education. It has been established that free access to the infrastructure of higher education institutions is a basic condition for the inclusion of people with disabilities in the educational process. Standards for the accessibility of buildings have been developed in individual EU countries, in particular in the Republic of Poland and Ukraine. A comparative analysis of these documents allows us to establish that they concern the arrangement of parking spaces for vehicles for people with disabilities, their dimensions, ease of exit, and marking. Requirements are also put forward for buildings: the equipment of ramps, special lifts, tactile floor tiles, information tables and the well-known Braille font, audio guides for people with visual impairments, duplication of important audio information with texts, organization of sign language interpretation, use of a sound amplification system for people with hearing impairments, etc. These standards are mandatory and are implemented at both the University of Opole and the Polish National University of Physical Education. It has been proven that physical accessibility is the first component of the inclusion of people with disabilities in the life of the University, and the second component is ensuring inclusion in learning, teaching, participation in self-government, scientific and research work, etc. Special units have been created at the Polish National University of Physical Education: the International Center for Professional Partnership «Integration» (ICPP), the Center for Veteran Development (CVR), the inclusive space «Without Limits», the Resource Center for Educational Technologies. Conclusions. A comparative analysis of the organization of the provision of educational services for people with disabilities in two higher education institutions of Ukraine and the Republic of Poland confirmed the possibility of further studying the European experience of creating a barrier-free environment and ensuring the readiness to provide educational services.

MARKETING ANALYSIS OF THE RANGE OF HYPOLYPIDEMIC PRODUCTS ON THE PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET OF UKRAINE

2025-07-07T11:07:40+03:00

Formulation of the problem. Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of mortality and disability in many countries of the world, and, according to forecasts, their prevalence will increase in the near future. Data from comparative statistical studies by WHO indicate that Ukraine ranks first in Europe and second in the world in the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases among the population. The purpose of the work is to analyze the domestic pharmaceutical market of hypolipidemic drugs in terms of pharmacotherapeutic groups, manufacturing companies, dosage forms, etc. Materials and methods of the study. The objects of the study are data from the State Register of Medicinal Products of Ukraine (as of 01.01.2025) on medicinal products of the second level subgroup of the ATC classification C10 «Lipid modifying agents», the ATC classification system, the State Formulary of Medicinal Products. Research results and their discussion. As a result of marketing research of the range of hypolipidemic drugs, it was found that as of January 1, 2025, 348 trade names were registered on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine, taking into account all dosage forms and dosages. Market analysis showed the dominance of foreign manufacturers, namely Slovenia, India, Poland and others, over domestic manufacturers in the niche of production of mono– and combined hypolipidemic drugs. Ukrainian manufacturers are mostly focused on the production of C10AA group drugs – HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (ten manufacturing companies), and only five out of ten companies produce combined drugs. Analysis of the assortment of subgroup C10 «Hypolipidemic agents» revealed that single-component preparations dominate the structure of the presented hypolipidemic agents, making up the largest share of the assortment. Among single-component hypolipidemic drugs, the most common is the subgroup C10AA «HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors». The distribution of the studied hypolipidemic drugs by type of dosage form shows that the main share of dosage forms is tablets and capsules. In the subgroup of combined drugs C10B, drugs containing rosuvastatin prevail. Conclusions. The structure of the assortment was studied and its analysis was carried out by subgroups of the ATC classification, by dosage forms, manufacturing countries and combinations of substances. It has been established that, despite the current availability of the domestic pharmaceutical market with hypolipidemic agents, in particular statins, the production activities of Ukrainian enterprises in this area are highly specialized. This leads to the dependence of the range of hypolipidemic drugs on foreign suppliers.

EXPERT ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE OF SOCIAL RELATIONS SUBJECTS IN REGULATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL SAFETY IN UKRAINE

2025-07-07T11:10:55+03:00

The issue of pharmaceutical safety in Ukraine is in the focus of attention of many researchers. At the same time, the level of influence of social relations subjects on the state of pharmaceutical safety of the state remains unexplored. The aim of the work is find out the opinion of the pharmaceutical community about the level of responsibility of social relations subjects for the state of pharmaceutical safety in Ukraine. Materials and methods. The subject of the study was the role of 14 social relations subjects. The methods used were a questionnaire survey using Google Forms, combined with expert assessment, as well as mathematical statistics and generalization. 166 scientific and pedagogical workers and pharmacy workers participated in the survey. Results. Among the 14 social relations subjects, the highest level of responsibility for the state of pharmaceutical safety in Ukraine is characteristic of the central executive bodies of Ukraine in the field of health care (the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, the State Service of Ukraine on Medicines and Drugs Control, the National Health Service of Ukraine), and to a lesser extent - for regional and local government bodies and non-pharmaceutical public associations. Almost four-fifths of experts noted the protection of the rights, freedoms, and legitimate interests of Ukrainian citizens as the most important priority of the National Security Strategy of Ukraine for promoting the development of pharmaceutical safety. Conclusions. Through expert assessment different levels of responsibility of 14 social relations subjects for the state of pharmaceutical safety in Ukraine were established. A high degree of promotion of the development of pharmaceutical safety of the five priorities of the National Security Strategy of Ukraine was revealed.

FOOT MYCOSIS: BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE STATE AND EVOLUTION OF KEY TRENDS FROM 2014 TO 2024

2025-07-07T11:14:21+03:00

Foot mycoses are a global medical and social issue due to their high prevalence, chronic course, and increasing resistance of fungi to existing treatments. This article focuses on a bibliometric study of trends in the treatment of foot mycoses from 2014 to 2024, aiming to systematize existing knowledge and identify innovative therapeutic approaches. The aim of this work is to conduct a bibliometric analysis of scientific literature from 2014 to 2024 to identify patterns and trends in the treatment of foot mycoses, assess the current state of research, and determine directions for developing antifungal semisolid dosage forms. Methodology. The study was carried out using the PubMed database and focused on the period 2014-2024. Following preliminary testing, the query «((Foot) OR (Feet)) AND (mycosis)» was selected for the study. The total number of publications and their dynamics were determined using PubMed data. Publications were classified into primary (clinical studies, case reports) and secondary (reviews, letters) types according to PubMed categories. Bibliometric maps were created, and keywords were clustered using VOSviewer. Pre-processing of keyword clusters, statistical and correlation analyses were performed in Microsoft Excel. Results and Discussion. The PubMed query «((Foot) OR (Feet)) AND (mycosis)» retrieved 3595 publications since 1945, with 829 published between 2014 and 2024. Publication dynamics show a peak in 2014-2015, a decline until 2023, and a resurgence from 2024. Most publications are of the primary type (case reports, clinical studies, comparative and randomized controlled trials), alongside reviews and systematic reviews. Bibliometric analysis revealed significant differences in topic popularity and helped identify both trending and emerging themes. The most prominent direction is pharmaceutical strategies, particularly topical antifungal agents. Emerging themes such as laser therapy and regional specificity have shown active growth since 2019. Correlation analysis confirmed a strong relationship between popular topics and less prominent topics. The insights obtained through bibliometric analysis are consistent with current understanding of epidemiology, prevalence, and key diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Conclusions. Foot mycoses remain a relevant research topic with uneven publication dynamics and a focus on practical aspects. The most prominent research area is pharmaceutical strategies, including topical and systemic antifungal agents, alternative treatment methods and novel decision-making approaches. Promising directions include the development of semisolid dosage forms, integration of innovative methods, and further bibliometric studies of specific types of foot mycoses.

PROCAINE IN THE COMPOSITION OF MEDICATIONS PRESENT ON THE PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET OF UKRAINE

2025-07-07T11:19:49+03:00

Objective. To analyze the range of local anesthetic medications available on the current pharmaceutical market of Ukraine that contain procaine (procaine hydrochloride), and based on the obtained results, determine the feasibility of increasing production volumes and developing new medications containing procaine. Materials and Methods. The analysis of the range of medications was based on data from the State Register of Medicines of Ukraine (as of April 2025). The study was carried out using statistical, logical, and graphical analysis methods. Problem Statement. Due to the war between Russia and Ukraine, there is a consistently high demand for local anesthetics as the number of injured and wounded increases, leading to a greater need for surgical interventions and post-operative pain relief. On the other hand, the general impoverishment of the population, logistics challenges, and technological production stoppages caused by various wartime factors may negatively affect the domestic pharmaceutical market. Therefore, it is crucial to identify which affordable and available medications will take priority. This study focused on the domestic market of local anesthetic medications containing procaine hydrochloride and analyzed retail prices for the most popular ones in terms of availability in pharmacy networks across various regions of Ukraine. The obtained information will contribute to a better understanding of the accessibility of these medications for consumers, and the analysis conducted may serve as a foundation for strategic planning to increase the production of existing products and develop new local anesthetic medications based on procaine hydrochloride. Conclusions. The marketing analysis of the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market for local anesthetic medications containing procaine (novocaine, procaine hydrochloride) showed that it is 100% filled with affordable domestic medications, with not only stable demand but also frequent shortages, particularly for combined analgesic medications in the form of ointments and gels. This opens up wide opportunities for expanding the range and creating new products.

EXPERT ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT RANGE OF MEDICINAL PRODUCTS FOR TOPICAL THERAPY OF GINGIVITIS

2025-07-07T11:25:10+03:00

Given its high prevalence and impact on quality of life, gingivitis is important not only for healthcare but also to the broader social sphere. According to medical care protocols, various methods of treating gingivitis are used, depending on its type, course, and severity. The treatment primarily involves systematic oral hygiene measures combined with the use of topical medications with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, and the ability to slow the formation of bacterial biofilms. The aim of this study. The study aims to characterize the current range of medicines classified under group A01A, «Drugs for use in dentistry», that are indicated for the treatment of gingivitis, according to their medical use instructions, and to conduct an expert evaluation of these medicines. Materials and Methods. The study was based on data from the State Register of Medicines of Ukraine, instructions for medical use, and scientific publications. Methods included information retrieval, comparative analysis, a system-analytical approach, and a survey methodology. Conclusion. As of January 1, 2024, 39 medicinal products from group A01A, «Drugs for use in dentistry», were registered in the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market for the local treatment of gingivitis, according to their medical use instructions. These products were classified based on their origin and composition of active ingredients, dosage form, country of manufacture, and prescription status. A questionnaire survey conducted among dentists examined the availability of information on modern drugs for topical gingivitis treatment, their perception of new medications, and the influence of various factors on prescription practices. Based on average scores for efficacy, safety, and frequency of use, a ranked list of medicines was formed. This list can serve as a tool for optimizing the pharmaceutical supply for gingivitis patients.