FEATURES OF THE METHODOLOGY OF SPECIAL STRENGTH TRAINING FOR FEMALE SPRINTERS AT THE STAGE OF SPORTS IMPROVEMENT

Abstract

The article highlights the results of a study devoted to the development and implementation of an improved methodology for special strength training of female sprinters at the stage of sports improvement.The relevance of the problem is due to the need to increase the efficiency of the training process, taking into account the gender, age and individual typological characteristics of female athletes.It was established that traditional training programs do not always provide sufficient development of explosive strength, strength endurance and stabilization functions of the body, which limits the potential of female sprinters in achieving high sports results. As part of the study, a set of exercises was developed, which includes strength work with a barbell, functional exercises, plyometric loads and special running tasks with variable intensity. The experiment lasted 12 weeks and included 24 female athletes, who were divided into control and experimental groups. Training in the experimental group was carried out according to an updated program that provided for targeted improvement of the key physical qualities of sprinters. According to the results of testing, a significant increase in the indicators of strength, speed, coordination and starting technique was recorded in the participants of the experimental group, which confirms the effectiveness of the implemented methodology. In particular, the indicators of long jump from a standing position, squat with a barbell, reaction time to the start and sprinting at 30 m improved by an average of 15–22% compared to insignificant changes in the control group. Also, positive dynamics in the psycho-emotional state of female athletes, a decrease in the level of overfatigue and an increase in motivation for the training process were noted. Statistically reliable results indicate the feasibility of integrating such a model of special strength training into the system of the training process of female sprinters. The work substantiates the need for individualization of loads, the use of functional training aids and constant monitoring of the condition of female athletes to achieve maximum effect. Prospects for further research include the development of digital protocols for personalized training, studying the impact of the technique on biomechanical movement parameters, and the long-term dynamics of efficiency throughout the competitive cycle.