STAGED SHIFTS IN THE FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY OF YOUNG POWERLIFTERS AGED 15–17 WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF A CLASSICAL TRAINING PROGRAM

Abstract

The aim of the study was to quantitatively establish the stage-by-stage changes in the functional capacity of young powerlifters aged 15–17 years in the course of the classical training program of the Youth Sports School. The study involved 26 athletes (annual sections at 15, 16 and 17 years), who systematically trained according to a unified program at the municipal institution “Complex Youth Sports School No. 9”. To assess cardiorespiratory capabilities, markers were used: resting heart rate, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), vital capacity of the lungs (VC), respiratory rate (RR), Stange and Genchi tests. Measurements were performed under standardized conditions at the beginning of each training year, statistical analysis was carried out using parametric methods (Student’s t-test). The results showed consistent positive dynamics. Resting heart rate decreased (t₁,₃=3,72; p<0,01), which reflects the “economization” of cardiac activity. SBP (t₁,₃=2,87; p<0,01), DBP (t₁,₃=3,30; p<0,01), forming more rational hemodynamics. VC (t₁,₂=2,22; p<0,05; t₁,₃=2,62; p<0,05), and RR (t₁,₃=2,25; p<0,05), which indicates the expansion of ventilatory reserves and increased efficiency of gas exchange. Tolerance to hypoxia increased: Stange test (t₁,₂=2,24; p<0,05; t₁,₃=3,83; p<0,001), Genchi test (t₁,₂=2,25; p<0,05; t₁,₃=3,50; p<0,01). The largest age differences were recorded between 15- and 17-year-old athletes, between adjacent stages the changes were selective or moderate. The set of changes confirms the effectiveness of the classical program of the Youth Sports School in the formation of cardiorespiratory reserves and safe adaptation to power loads in adolescence. It is practically advisable to regularly monitor resting heart rate, blood pressure, vital capacity, BH and indicators of hypoxic resistance for stage-by-stage individualization of the volume and intensity of loads, optimization of the ratio of hypertrophic, power and technical-coordination blocks and prevention of overloads. Prospects for further work: standardization of functional testing protocols for adolescent powerlifters, validation of “sensitive” thresholds of change for training correction, and construction of predictive models that integrate age, morphological features, and functional markers.