HISTORICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF THE SOUL AS A SUBJECT OF PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE OF M. GROT

Abstract

Purpose. The main aim is to analyze the psychological idea of the phenomenon of the soul as a subject of psychology in the scientific work of the outstanding domestic psychologist M. Grot. Methodology. The methodology of this study is a set of scientific principles by which we can better understand the complexity, depth and versatility of psychological ideas of M. Grot. The methodological basis of this article is the principles of scientificity, systematics, objectivity and historicism. The principle of scientificity, which the author applies in the article, requires the use of concepts, developments, ideas and achievements of both pre-revolutionary and modern historiography in the study of scientific activities of M. Grot. The principle of systematization. According to this principle, the scientific heritage of M. Grot is considered by the author as a system, as a set of psychological elements. The principle of objectivity is to reveal the relationship of historical facts, to use the maximum possible completeness of historical sources to study the scientific work of M. Grot. The principle of historicism requires the study of the life and work of M. Grot in connection with the historical phenomena of his era, taking into account the specific historical circumstances of his life. Originality. Based on the psychological ideas of M. Grot, the author proves that the subject of scientific psychology is the soul. That is, psychology is the science of the soul. The soul is a subject of psychology, a universal category that unites all the mental existence of man, it is an integrator of the psyche, consciousness, unconsciousness, higher cognitive mental processes, and so on. The soul is the original integrity of the inner world of man. Spirit is the power of the soul, its energy. Psychology is a system of sciences about the soul, patterns of formation and existence of mental processes and human states. Conclusions. The author concludes that the future of modern psychological science is a return to the original subject of “soul”, because indeed, psychology is the science of the soul. The soul as a theoretical and methodological problem of modern psychology is solved by turning to the scientific work of M. Grot. M. Grot’s psychological ideas are more relevant than ever for psychology right now, when a new paradigm of modern human psychology is being formed.