MAIN DIRECTIONS OF THE PUBLIC POLICY FOR REGULATION OF POPULATION EMPLOYMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE LABOR MARKET

Abstract

The article outlines the main points of the state regulation of employment, which are a set of socio-economic measures and instruments aimed at eliminating the imbalances between the demand and supply of labor in order to achieve a balanced and rational structure of employment. The system of employment protection is proposed to be defined as a set of state bodies and organizations that implement the employment policy of the population, and includes different levels of government, employment service, legal framework and state guarantees of employment and protection against unemployment. It is proposed to identify among the main directions of the state employment policy measures aimed at reducing the “low” unemployment rate and measures aimed at reducing actual unemployment. Their classification is presented. It has been determined that a special role in the process of employment stabilization is given to the reduction of income taxes and the increase of depreciation rates. It is noted that in addition to the problem of choosing a strategy of stabilization policy, there is also a problem of its practical implementation. The community service program has been reviewed and analyzed as one of the social protection measures for the unemployed population and is seen as a way to quickly alleviate unemployment. It is determined that the creation of permanent jobs in the state sector means an immediate increase in employment in the departments of the state administration of all levels and in the state sector of the economy, given structures that are not focused on profit. It is noted that a significant place in employment policy is devoted to the creation of permanent specialized jobs and enterprises (for example, disabled people) within the public sector of the economy. More effective means of increasing employment are analyzed, namely, measures to promote the development of small businesses and promote self-employment of the population (including farming), especially if such measures are of a large-scale nature. The leading role of vocational training and retraining of the unemployed is outlined. It is proposed to develop a long-term demand forecast for different types of labor. The circumstances of complications in the mechanism of territorial distribution of employment are examined. A mechanism for providing employment in the loss-making industries and regions is proposed, which contains: firstly, the definition of loss-making organizations and the definition of loss-making industries and regions, and secondly, the development of a plan to support employment by employers. Subsequently, socio-economic employment measures are developed. The main measures include: measures to prevent unemployment; measures to encourage those who are made redundant; compensation of wages and salaries to employees in conditions of: temporary termination of work; retraining, training; temporary transfer to another job; training, retraining and advanced training of personnel, etc. It is noted that the abrupt transition to free pricing in housing, transport, utilities, health care and education leads to an immediate and, as a rule, significant increase in the cost of living. It is determined that the modern concept of employment policy implies strengthening of the state’s regulatory function in the social and labor sphere in order to form a national structure of employment and increase the efficiency of using the labor potential of the country.