TYPES OF ELECTORAL QUALIFICATIONS: FOREIGN AND UKRAINIAN PRACTICE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32689/2617-9660-2021-6(18)-113-165Keywords:
electoral qualifications, elections, constitution, constitutional practice, citizenship.Abstract
The article analyzes the types of electoral qualifications through the prism of foreign and Ukrainian practice. It is stated that in foreign and Ukrainian practice the following types of electoral qualifications should be distinguished: 1. Citizenship qualification – natural persons who are citizens of this state have the right to participate in elections. 2. Age qualification – a citizen may exercise his/her suffrage provided that he/she reaches the minimum age established by the constitution or other legislative act. 3. Legal capacity – only able-bodied citizens have the right to participate in elections. 4. Residence requirement – the right to participate in the elections have persons who live within a certain territory during the last period clearly established by law. 5. Language qualification – citizens who speak the state language have the right to be elected to an elected position or post. 6. Conviction qualification – citizens who do not have a criminal record for a crime have the right to participate in elections, if this criminal record has not been expunged or revoked in the manner prescribed by law. 7. Educational qualification – the right to participate in elections have citizens who have the appropriate level of education established by the constitution or law. 8. Gender qualification – the right to participate in elections have representatives of one usually male gender. 9. Official qualification – the right to participate in elections is limited to persons who are in a certain type of public service or have a spiritual rank. 10. Party qualification – persons who are members of political parties have or do not have the right to participate in elections. 11. Health qualification – only citizens who are in good mental and / or physical health have the right to run in elections. 12. National qualification – only citizens of a certain nationality have the right to participate in elections. 13. Property qualification – citizens who have the statutory amount of property, income, who pay a certain amount of taxes or have no debts have the right to participate in elections. 14. Moral qualification – the right to participate in elections have citizens who have high moral qualities or lead a decent life. 15. Racial qualification – only members of a certain race have the right to participate in elections. 16. Revolutionary qualification – the right to participate in elections have only persons who took part in the revolution that took place in the state, or, conversely, the right to vote is limited to persons who participated in such a revolution. 17. Religious qualification – representatives of a certain religion or religious figures have the right to participate in elections. 18. Family qualification – the right to participate in elections is limited to persons who have a family relationship with the Head of State or other senior officials.
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Constitution of Grenada 1973 (reinst. 1991, rev. 1992). Constitute Project. URL: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/ Grenada_1992?lang=en.
Constitution of Dominica 1978 (rev. 2014). Constitute Project. URL: https://www. constituteproject.org/constitution/Dominica_ 2014?lang=en.
Constitution of Jordan 1952 (rev. 2016). Constitute Project. URL: https://www. constituteproject.org/constitution/Jordan_ 2016?lang=en.
Constitution of Kenya 2010. Constitute Project. URL: https://www.constituteproject. org/constitution/Kenya_2010?lang=en.
Constitution of Mauritius 1968 (rev. 2016). Constitute Project. URL: https://www. constituteproject.org/constitution/Mauritius_ 2016?lang=en.
Constitution of Fiji 2013. Constitute Project. URL: https://www.constituteproject. org/constitution/Fiji_2013?lang=en.
Constitution of Malaysia 1957 (rev. 2007). Constitute Project. URL: https://www. constituteproject.org/constitution/Malaysia_ 2007?lang=en.
Constitution of Nauru 1968 (rev. 2015). Constitute Project. URL: https://www. constituteproject.org/constitution/Nauru_ 2015?lang=en.
Constitution of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1979. Constitute Project. URL: https://www.constituteproject.org/ constitution/St_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines_ 1979?lang=en.
Constitution of Saint Lucia 1978. Constitute Project. URL: https://www.constituteproject. org/constitution/St_Lucia_ 1978?lang=en 122. Constitution of Solomon Islands 1978 (rev. 2018). Constitute Project. URL: www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Solomon_ Islands_2018?lang=en.
Constitution of Trinidad and Tobago 1976 (rev. 2007). Constitute Project. URL: www.constituteproject.org/constitution/ Trinidad_and_Tobago_2007?lang=en.
Constitution of Tuvalu 1986 (rev. 2010). Constitute Project. URL: https://www. constituteproject.org/constitution/Tuvalu_ 2010?lang=en.
Constitution of Uganda 1995 (rev. 2017). Constitute Project. URL: https://www. constituteproject.org/constitution/Uganda_ 2017?lang=en.
Constitution of Sri Lanka 1978 (rev. 2015). Constitute Project. URL: https:// www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Sri_ Lanka_2015?lang=en.
Constitution of Botswana 1966 (rev. 2016). Constitute Project. URL: https://www. constituteproject.org/constitution/Botswana _2016?lang=en.
Constitution of Jamaica 1962 (rev. 2015). Constitute Project. URL: https://www. constituteproject.org/constitution/Jamaica_ 2015?lang=en.
Constitution of Cape Verde 1980 (rev. 1992). Constitute Project. URL: https:// www.constituteproject.org/constitution/ Cape_Verde_1992?lang=en.
Constitution of Zambia 1991 (rev. 2016). Constitute Project. URL: https://www. constituteproject.org/constitution/Zambia_ 2016?lang=en.
Constitution of Cape Verde 1980 (rev. 1992). Constitute Project. URL: https:// www.constituteproject.org/constitution/ Cape_Verde_1992?lang=en.
Constitution of Morocco 2011. Constitute Project. URL: https://www.constituteproject. org/constitution/Morocco_ 2011?lang=en.
Constitution of Finland 1999 (rev. 2011). Constitute Project. URL: https://www. constituteproject.org/constitution/Finland_ 2011?lang=en.
Constitution of France 1958 (rev. 2008). Constitute Project. URL: https:// www.constituteproject.org/constitution/ France_2008?lang=enlang=en.
Constitution of Bangladesh 1972 (reinst. 1986, rev. 2014). Constitute Project. URL: www.constituteproject.org/constitution/ Bangladesh_2014?lang=en.
Constitution of Indonesia 1945 (reinst. 1959, rev. 2002). Constitute Project. URL: www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Indonesia_ 2002?lang=en.
Constitution of Costa Rica 1949 (rev. 2015). Constitute Project. URL: https://www. constituteproject.org/constitution/Costa_Rica_ 2015?lang=en.
Constitution of Mexico 1917 (rev. 2015). Constitute Project. URL: https://www. constituteproject.org/constitution/Mexico_ 2015?lang=en.
Constitution of Cuba 2019. Constitute Project. URL: https://www.constituteproject. org/constitution/Cuba_2019?lang=en.
Constitution of Afghanistan 2004. Constitute Project. URL: https://www.constituteproject. org/constitution/Afghanistan_ 2004?lang=en.
Constitution of Gabon 1991 (rev. 2011). Constitute Project. URL: https://www. constituteproject.org/constitution/Gabon_ 2011?lang=en.
Constitution of Georgia 1995 (rev. 2018). Constitute Project. URL: https://www. constituteproject.org/constitution/Georgia_ 2018?lang=en.
Constitution of Djibouti 1992 (rev. 2010). Constitute Project. URL: https://www. constituteproject.org/constitution/Djibouti_ 2010?lang=en.
Constitution of Latvia 1922 (reinst. 1991, rev. 2016). Constitute Project. URL: www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Latvia_ 2016?lang=en.
Constitution of Armenia 1995 (rev. 2015). Constitute Project. URL: https://www. constituteproject.org/constitution/Armenia_ 2015?lang=en.
Constitution of Turkmenistan 2008 (rev. 2016). Constitute Project. URL: https:// www.constituteproject.org/constitution/ Turkmenistan_2016?lang=en.
Constitution of Bulgaria 1991 (rev. 2015). Constitute Project. URL: https://www. constituteproject.org/constitution/Bulgaria_ 2015?lang=en.
Constitution of Greece 1975 (rev. 2008). Constitute Project. URL: https:// www.constituteproject.org/constitution/ Greece_2008?lang=en.
Constitution of Côte d’Ivoire 2016. Constitute Project. URL: www. constituteproject.org/constitution/Cote_ DIvoire_2016?lang=en.
