PROBLEMS OF ENSURING HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN MIGRATION TRENDS

Abstract

The article analyzes the problem of ensuring the rights of internally displaced persons in a prospective perspective. The authors consider the constitutional and legal regulation and features of migration processes in Ukraine. The problem of implementing certain provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine, Laws of Ukraine, and subordinate regulatory legal acts is reviewed. The migration movement of the population in Ukraine is studied. It is emphasized that in the short term (2025–2026) the number of internally displaced persons in Ukraine may decrease. The prospects for solving the problem of IDPs, in particular in the field of the entire spectrum of ensuring human and civil rights, depend on the effectiveness of state programs to support and integrate internally displaced persons at their place of temporary residence. Internally displaced population remains one of the most serious socio-demographic challenges for Ukraine, which requires significant efforts from both the state and international partners to resolve. Otherwise, many IDPs who are already below the poverty line will be forced to irrevocably leave the country. So, summing up the above, we can state that the migration situation in Ukraine demonstrates persistently negative trends associated with mass emigration, an increase in the number of refugees and internally displaced persons. The main, fundamental reason for such processes lies in the ongoing military conflict, which systematically destroys the country's energy sector, housing sector, transport sector, healthcare, education and much more. Despite individual periods of migration growth, the overall migration balance remains negative, which exacerbates the demographic crisis and weakens the country's socio-economic potential. Moreover, employment problems, lack of housing and weak state support force many citizens to leave the country in search of a better life, and those who have left – to decide not to return to their homeland even in the post-war period. To stabilize the situation, it is necessary to introduce a set of actions. First, it is necessary to reform migration policy, which in the last decade was formed under the influence of mostly political factors and was of a spontaneous nature. Migration policy should be aimed at compensating for the shortage of labor, as well as at creating long-term mechanisms for managing migration flows. Second, it is necessary to develop and implement programs to encourage citizens who have gone abroad to return home. This applies to both refugees and emigrants. Third, effective administration of the labor market is necessary, it is important to create not only jobs, but also incentives for the economic activity of citizens. Fourth, the state should actively cooperate with international partners to attract investments (to finance programs for the return of Ukrainians who have gone abroad, the reintegration of internally displaced persons, etc.). Without a comprehensive approach, Ukraine risks facing long-term demographic problems that threaten the country's national security and sustainable development. At the same time, we understand that the steps presented will be most effective only if hostilities cease on the territory of Ukraine.