ELECTRONIC GOVERNANCE AND ELECTRONIC DEMOCRACY: EUROPE AND UKRAINE (HISTORICAL ASPECT)

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to study the current state of development of e-government and e-democracy institutes in Europe and in Ukraine. The research was carried out using a system of general and scientific and special methods of cognition. The historical approach became the fundamental one. The methods of analysis and synthesis, and the system method were used. The results. The article examines the development of e-governance and e-democracy institutions in the European Union and Ukraine from the moment of their inception to the present time. An analysis of the European Union normative documents and national legislation regulating the implementation of these institutes was carried out. It is emphasized that the relevance of the e-governance and e-democracy deeper study is stipulated by the objective processes of information technologies development and the necessity to understand how these technologies can be used to improve governance, citizens’ involvement in the political process and a more open and transparent society formation. In the course of the study of the current stage of the implementation of the mentioned institutes in Ukraine, the Unified State Web Portal of electronic services and the Register of Administrative Services (Diya Portal) were mentioned. It was mentioned that in 2019, through the liquidation of the State Agency for e-Government of Ukraine, a new institution was created – the Ministry of Digital Transformation of Ukraine, which was fully entrusted with the formation and implementation of state policy in the field of e-government and e-democracy. The list of services that citizens and businesses can receive on the Unified State Web Portal of Electronic Services has been clarified. Conclusions. The development of electronic governance in the EU is divided into four main stages: initial, development of electronic services, standardization and strategic development, expansion of the range of services in modern times. Each of these stages contributed to the formation of modern electronic government systems. Ukraine began active implementation of e-government in 2014 with the formation of the State Agency for e-Government of Ukraine. The adoption of the Concept of e-Government Development laid the foundation for further reforms in this area.