DECONSTRUCTION OF THE IMAGE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: MECHANISMS OF PROPAGANDA AND MANIPULATION

Abstract

The article focuses on the study of the deconstruction of the image of the Russian Federation in the context of contemporary international relations, particularly amidst the Russian-Ukrainian war. A state’s image constitutes a critical element of its political positioning, influencing its perception on the international stage, legitimizing its policies, and shaping public opinion. The article analyzes the key components of Russia’s image, including ideological, linguistic, and visual elements, whi. Drawing on critical discourse analysis, the research examines how Russian propaganda employs historical, cultural, and religious narratives to establish the ideological justification for aggressive policies. It highlights such aspects as the concept of the “Russian World”, appeals to “traditional values”, and the fight against “neo- Nazism”, which are actively utilized to create a positive image of Russia among its domestic audience and justify its actions on the international. Particular attention is paid to the linguistic component, through which propaganda frames the conflict as a struggle between good and evil. The study scrutinizes rhetorical devices, such as the use of euphemisms (e.g., “special military operation”), emotionally charged language (e.g., “nationalists”, “punishers”), and factual manipulations that contribute to the construction of a disinformation field. Linguistic discourse not only shapes national identity but also serves as a tool of political influence on the international community. The visual component is analyzed using a semiotic approach, which identifies the symbolic meanings embedded in propagandistic materials. The article explores the role of visual content, including propaganda videos, memes, infographics, and other visual elements, in constructing the image of a “peacemaker” or “defender of traditional values”. It reveals that these visual elements appeal to collective memory, patriotic sentiments, and national pride, thereby legitimizing Russia’s aggressive actions. The importance of applying methods such as critical discourse analysis, content analysis, and visual semiotics to deconstruct Russia’s image is substantiated. These approaches reveal the hidden mechanisms of manipulation and disinformation used to create a favorable portrayal of the state. Finally, the article proposes strategic directions to counter Russia’s information aggression, including the development of counter-narratives, exposure of manipulative tactics, and debunking of ideological myths. It is demonstrated that analyzing Russia’s image requires comprehensive research into its ideological, linguistic, and visual aspects, which interact to form and sustain the rationale for its aggressive foreign strategy. Deconstruction tools allow the identification of foundational narratives, their ideological essence, and contribute to the development of effective countermeasures. These measures should include creating alternative informational narratives that expose the true intentions of Russia’s policies, as well as promoting democratic values and fostering a culture of critical thinking.