INTEGRATION OF REFUGEES/MIGRANTS IN EU COUNTRIES: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

Abstract

The integration of migrants and refugees is a complex and multifaceted process that encompasses social,economic, political and cultural aspects. The article discusses the key differences between migrants and refugees, their legal status and the main factors affecting adaptation in the European Union (EU).Particular attention is paid to the definition of integration as a mutual process that requires efforts on the partof both migrants and the host society. The main challenges faced by refugees are analyzed, including language barriers, social isolation, unemployment, housing problems, access to education and healthcare services.The study focuses on the integration models used in EU countries, namely the models of political asylum, familyreunification, legal labor immigration and citizenship. The author examines the political, economic, and socio- cultural factors that determine the effectiveness of integration, as well as the influence of public opinion on migration policy. It is determined that successful integration provides economic benefits for both migrants and host countries.Considerable attention is paid to the integration programs implemented in the EU and their impact on theadaptation of Ukrainian refugees after February 24, 2022. Measures taken to support them are described, includingthe implementation of the Temporary Protection Directive, which provides access to housing, education, social assistance and employment.The article also examines the relationship between theoretical approaches to integration and practical aspects of its implementation. It compares the concepts of assimilation, multiculturalism and structuralism, which explaindifferent approaches to the inclusion of migrants in society. The study analyzes the economic impact of migration, including the role of migrants in the labor market, the impact of immigration on the state budget and social services, as well as the level of economic independence ofmigrants after integration. It is determined that the long-term benefits of migrant integration outweigh the short-term costs, as migrants contribute to the growth of the labor force, increase productivity and develop human capital.