THE CRISIS OF MULTICULTURALISM POLICY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

Abstract

The article examines the development of multiculturalism in Germany in the context of globalization, emphasizing its theoretical justification within the framework of liberal political philosophy and communitarianism.Particular emphasis is placed on the fact that multiculturalism as a state concept of development was first officially introduced in Canada and Australia in the 1970s, and this term entered the European political discourse only in the 1980s.It is noted that the key element of a successful multicultural policy is the interaction of cultures, based on respect for the cultural identity and spiritual heritage of each people. This not only contributes to social harmony,but is also a prerequisite for the formation of a modern cosmopolitan world. It is emphasized that the dialogue of cultures implies not only a tolerant attitude towards the «other», but also a deeper understanding of cultural differences through the prism of cultural relativism. This means strengthening mutual respect and understanding not by imposing one’s own values, as was typical of ethnocentric approaches, but by recognizing the equal value of different cultural traditions.At the same time, analyzing the German experience, it is noted that the policy of multiculturalism causes significant discussions. On the one hand, it contributes to the creation of an open, tolerant society, but on the other hand, it faces problems of integrating immigrants, especially from countries that differ significantly in cultural and religious traditions. This poses challenges for the German authorities in finding effective mechanisms for interaction between different ethnocultural groups.It is noted that the failure of the policy of multiculturalism in Europe contributes to the spread of right-wingpolitical forces. The role and meaning of multiculturalism, which is designed to lead to conflict-free modernmulticultural societies, is being rethought.