RISK FACTORS AFFECTING THE FORMATION OF ORTHODONTIC DISORDERS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32689/2663-0672-2025-1-15Keywords:
human henom, orthodontic disorders, pathological occlusion, occlusal variations, genetic anomalies, risk factorsAbstract
The development of the dentofacial system is a result of the interaction between heredity and environment. Genotype determines the developmental potential, while external factors can both promote and hinder its realization. Understanding the genetic basis of orthodontic anomalies is one of the most important directions of modern dentistry. In-depth research into the hereditary mechanisms underlying the development of these disorders opens up new perspectives for the development of effective methods of prevention and treatment, as well as a personalized approach to each patient. Objective. To conduct a comparative analysis of the risk factors forming malocclusions. Methods. In the course of the study, scientific developments published on the research platforms Google Scholar and PubMed were analyzed. A bibliosemantic method and structural-logical analysis were used. The methodological basis of the study was a systematic approach. Conclusions. The formation of malocclusion is the result of a complex interaction between genetic predisposition and exogenous factors. Although genetic determination plays a significant role in the development of the dentofacial system, the influence of external factors, such as myofunctional disorders, somatic diseases, and environmental conditions, is no less important. Thus, they influence morphogenesis processes, leading to developmental anomalies. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, allow external factors to modify gene expression without changing the nucleotide sequence. Thus, they influence morphogenesis processes, leading to the development of phenotypic deviations.
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