SECURITY MECHANISM OF CIVIL PROTECTION: WORLD EXPERIENCE IN THE CONDITIONS OF INCREASING SECURITY CHALLENGES (TOOLS, APPROACHES, INFRASTRUCTURE)

Abstract

Currently, discrepancies have been identified in the practice of government bodies and civil defense forces in Ukraine, namely: the level of threats to the safe life of the population is increasing due to the emergence of emergencies of a technogenic, natural, social and military nature, an increase in their number, complexity of impact and speed of development, in particular those related to fires in buildings and structures of various purposes, large-scale fires in natural ecosystems, deterioration of the technical condition of industrial and infrastructure facilities, which leads to negative consequences for the environment, the emergence of risks to the life and health of the country’s population and generally significantly affects the state of its security; the intensity of the emergence and development of emergencies is increasing due to the complex multifactorial impact of technogenic, natural, social and military factors on the safe life of the population, which is carried out in conditions of uncertainty and suddenness of their onset. Decision-making and implementation are the most complex processes of management activity, in which the leader, members of the staff and members of other management bodies are required to have competence, high operational training, knowledge and skills in using technology, the ability to set goals and achieve them, and take responsibility. Decisions in emergency situations are made in various operational situations, including crisis situations, and in extremely limited time. However, they must be made in a timely manner, be as well-founded as possible and ensure the most complete and effective use of available opportunities. This requires a clear understanding by the leadership of the goals and objectives of the operation, a comprehensive and objective assessment of the situation, and competence. Speaking about decision-making, one should keep in mind the following initial components of this complex process: collection and preparation of initial data, construction of a model of the development of an emergency, formulation (adoption) of decisions by the manager, specification and detailing of the decision in the operation plan, bringing this decision to the executors, as well as organization, operational management and control over its implementation. Centralized management allows management to coordinate the activities of executors in strategic situational zones in a short time and in the best way, effectively use equipment and limited resources, quickly transfer efforts from one direction to another, control any issue and, if necessary, take on any initiative in management. At the same time, the management of strategic situational zones should be given a wide opportunity to demonstrate initiative and creativity in solving the tasks set.