CRIMINOLOGY ASPECTS OF GENDER-BASED CRIMES IN THE CONDITIONS OF ARMED CONFLICTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32689/2522-4603.2023.2.5Keywords:
armed conflict, terrorism, gender-based violence, wartime sexual violence, rape during war, victimization of civilians.Abstract
The article explores issues of gender and sexual violence in war, including as a method of genocide and tactics of warfare. The article is based on the conclusions of the latest theoretical achievements formulated by both criminologists and scholars from related disciplines (law, politics, gender studies) in order to reveal criminological thinking about what gender-based crimes in armed conflict are and how they are related with security, war, governance, punishment, gender and crime. New aspects for the study of conflict-related sexual violence are presented, paying special attention to the historical and conceptual problems of its study within the framework of criminology. The article contains an overview of issues regarding the inadmissibility of amnesty and the extension of immunities to perpetrators of any forms of conflict-related sexual violence, the importance of removing procedural and evidentiary obstacles to justice in order to ensure the rights of victims, as well as the need to use all available means of influencing the participants conflict in order to comply with international law, including by transferring persons who commit, order or condone conflict-related sexual acts to the International Criminal Court. Although there is limited analysis and reporting of sexual violence against men and boys, particularly in the context of formal and informal prison settings, as well as men and boys associated with armed groups, we note that men and boys are also victims of conflict-related sexual violence, and therefore, in order to protect male victims, we emphasize the need to challenge deep-rooted cultural assumptions about men as invulnerable to such violence.
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