THEORY OF SPEECH AND SPEECH ACTIVITY AS A PSYCHOLOGICAL BASIS FOR SPEECH THERAPY

Abstract

The article considers the theoretical foundations of speech and speech activity as the psychological basis of speech therapy.The importance of the theoretical understanding of speech as a complex psychophysiological and socio-cognitive activity is noted, which allows a specialist not only to describe speech disorders, but also to explain their nature, taking into account neuropsychological and functional aspects.The relationship between the concepts of language and speech is analyzed. It is established that language and speech are two interpenetrating systems and two aspects of the same process. The chain of the origin of speech according to I. Vygotsky is given: motive, thought, internal speech, external speech. The components of speech activity are given: the need of the subject, the motive conditioned by the need, the goal as a result of actions, tasks that specify the goal, the formation of an internal program, the semantic perception of the statement. The classification of types of speech activity is given, the forms of speech implementation are indicated. The factors for the successful implementation of speech are listed, which involve taking into account the communicative situation, social context, level of mastery of speech tools and cognitive processes.Based on the analysis of the literature, five scientific approaches to considering the topic of speech activity in speech therapy are identified. The multifunctional nature of speech as a phenomenon of human activity is determined, within which eight functions are defined.The importance of speech development as a factor in the mental development of a child is proven, and its incomplete development negatively affects the intellectual, sensory and other systems of the body. The conditions for normal speech development are given: maturity of brain structures, correct functioning of the respiratory system, development of hearing, movement, emotions, a formed need for communication. Groups of speech research methods in speech therapy are presented: diagnostic, correctional and developmental, innovative technologies. The issues of in-depth study of neuropsychological mechanisms of speech in order to create differentiated models of speech therapy diagnostics and correction, as well as the use of digitalization achievements to achieve speech therapy goals, remain promising.