FACTUALITY AS AN OBJECTIVE CHARACTERISTIC OF THE INFORMATION CONTENT OF THE ARTISTIC TEXT

Abstract

The essence of the new strategic approach to understanding the text lies in its interpretation from the position of a communicative act, which conceptually encompasses the addressee and the addressee. The highest feature of the text is communicativeness. It fixes the text both as a system and as a dynamic entity. Speech activity of a person takes place with the help of a text, its communicative essence is explained by structure, semantics and pragmatics (form, content and functions), which are subordinate to the expression of the author's intention and its explanation. The subject of text activity is semantic information, which is fixed in the idea of the verbal whole, its communicative and cognitive intention. The text appears as a system of semantic elements (units), functionally integrated into a single hierarchical structure by the design (communicative intention) of the author of the text, each of its units is part of a certain system of connections, which, on the one hand, are subordinate to a single communicative intention, and on the other, to logic deployment of the entire hierarchy of meanings in the text. The purpose of the article is to describe factuality as a subcategory of the text category of informativeness, to focus on the linguistic means of expressing this typological feature of the verbal whole. The outlined goal involves solving the following tasks: substantiating the presence of factuality as a subcategory of informativeness in the categorical hierarchy of the text; focus on factuality in the aspect of revealing individual and author's pictures of the world; describe facts as linguistic means of realizing factuality. The source base of the research is Ukrainian-language artistic verbal objects, from which, through an accurate and complete inventory, a selection of facts was carried out that reveal factuality as a textual subcategory of informativeness. The focus is on literary texts of both classical Ukrainian literature and modern ones. The object of study is the Ukrainian poetic discourse and its components, and the subject is the facts of Ukrainian poetry and prose as expressions of factuality – a type of textual category of informativeness. The result of the scientific search was the deepening of the idea of hierarchical ordering of text categories and subcategories and the definition of factuality as an invariant characteristic of the verbal whole, which reflects a separate aspect of the typological feature of the verbal whole. Artistic and poetic communication in the aspect of the discursive approach is considered as a process in which the subject of verbal interaction between its participants is a manifestation of the specificity of the addressee's individual picture of the world. The conclusion is that the subcategory of factuality, in particular informativeness, generally represents the text as a communicative unit. The phenomenon of factuality is caused by the presence of information in the artistic text, which is projected into the plane of the author – with the idea of the work, into the plane of the reader – with the process of perceiving the text as mastering new information and approaching the author's idea. Factuality realizes the aesthetic idea of the work, coordinates the theme and plot, determines the selection of language means, etc. Linguistic means of realizing factuality as a subcategory of the textual category of informativeness are factems.