ВІТАМІН D: НОВИЙ ПОГЛЯД НА ЙОГО РОЛЬ В ОФТАЛЬМОЛОГІЧНИХ ПАТОЛОГІЯХ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32689/2663-0672-2024-2-3Ключові слова:
Вітамін D, синдром сухого ока, міопія, глаукома, катаракта, кератоконус, орбітопатія Грейвса, увеїт, ретинобластома, вікова дегенерація макули, діабетична ретинопатія, запаленняАнотація
Вітамін D, широко відомий завдяки своїй ролі в регуляції кальцію та метаболізмі кісток, імуномодуляції, протизапальних, антиоксидантних та ангіогенних процесах, набуває все більшого значення в сучасній офтальмології. Дослідження останніх років свідчать про його вплив на широкий спектр очних захворювань, відкриваючи нові перспективи для профілактики та лікування. Мета. Аналіз ролі вітаміну D в розвитку різних офтальмологічних захворювань, оцінка його потенційного терапевтичного застосування. Методи. База даних PubMed, охоплюючи статті з даного питання. Результати. Вітамін D володіє протизапальними властивостями, які можуть полегшувати симптоми синдрому сухого ока. Дослідження вказують на зв’язок між низькими рівнями вітаміну D та підвищеною частотою міопії, особливо у дітей та підлітків. У пацієнтів з кератоконусом спостерігаються знижені рівні вітаміну D. Вітамін D, впливаючи на колаген, може сприяти стабілізації захворювання. Пацієнти з цим аутоімунним захворюванням частіше мають дефіцит вітаміну D, який може погіршувати перебіг орбітопатії Грейвса. Вітамін D може мати профілактичні та терапевтичні ефекти при ретинобластомі, пригнічуючи ріст пухлинних клітин. Низькі рівні вітаміну D пов’язані з підвищеним ризиком вікової дегенерації макули (ВДМ). Завдяки своїм антиоксидантним властивостям, вітамін D може уповільнити прогресування ВДМ. Зниження вмісту вітаміну D у людей з цукровим діабетом збільшує ризик розвитку діабетичної ретинопатії та може прискорювати її прогресування. Висновки. Дефіцит вітаміну D є значущим фактором ризику для багатьох офтальмологічних захворювань. Підтримання оптимального рівня вітаміну D може мати профілактичні та терапевтичні ефекти, покращуючи стан пацієнтів із очною патологією. Подальші дослідження потрібні для встановлення клінічних рекомендацій щодо застосування вітаміну D в лікуванні цих захворювань.
Посилання
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