НОВІ ВИКЛИКИ ДЛЯ ОФТАЛЬМОЛОГІЇ: ВІЙНА, СТРЕС І ВТРАТА ЗОРУ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32689/2663-0672-2025-2-6Ключові слова:
порушення зору, втрата зору, війна, реабілітація, психосоматика, офтальмологія, УкраїнаАнотація
Понад 285 мільйонів людей у світі мають порушення зору, причому 39 мільйонів – повністю сліпі. На відміну від коригованих рефракційних відхилень, ушкодження зорової системи часто незворотні. Втрата зору має значні психоемоційні наслідки. Дослідження показують, що стрес може не лише супроводжувати, а й сприяти прогресуванню офтальмопатій, особливо в умовах війни. Мета. Узагальнити сучасні літературні дані щодо взаємозв’язку між втратою зору та психологічними чинниками, зокрема внаслідок вибухових травм і травматичних уражень мозку.Методи. База даних PubMed, охоплюючи статті з даного питання. Результати. Стрес є значущим чинником порушення зору як у мирний час, так і під час бойових дій. Він активує гіпоталамо-гіпофізарно-надниркову вісь, спричиняючи судинну дисрегуляцію, ішемію та нейрозапалення. Ці механізми є спільними для глаукоми, макулодистрофії та інших хронічних офтальмопатій. Особливу увагу заслуговують «невидимі поранення» – функціональні зорові розлади після травматичних уражень мозку без анатомічних змін, що часто поєднуються з посттравматичним стресовим розладом. Збройна агресія росії проти України зумовила стрімке зростання кількості ушкоджень зорової системи серед військовослужбовців. Зорові порушення виникають як унаслідок прямого травмування очей, так і через вибухові черепно-мозкові травми, які нерідко супроводжуються функціональними зоровими розладами без видимих анатомічних змін. Це підкреслює важливість міждисциплінарного підходу до діагностики й реабілітації таких пацієнтів, з урахуванням нейропсихологічних наслідків та психоемоційного стану.Висновки. Існує тісний зв’язок між психоемоційним станом і зоровими функціями, особливо в умовах бойових травм.Інтеграція офтальмології з нейропсихологією та психіатрією є необхідною умовою для ефективної реабілітації та покращення якості життя пацієнтів.
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