VITAMIN D: A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON ITS ROLE IN OPHTHALMIC PATHOLOGIES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32689/2663-0672-2024-2-3Keywords:
Vitamin D, dry eye syndrome, myopia, glaucoma, cataract, keratoconus, Graves’ orbitopathy, uveitis, retinoblastoma, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, inflammationAbstract
Vitamin D, widely known for its role in calcium regulation and bone metabolism, immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-angiogenic processes, is gaining increasing significance in modern ophthalmology. Recent studies suggest its impact on a wide range of eye diseases, opening new perspectives for prevention and treatment. Objective. To analyze the role of vitamin D in the development of various ophthalmic diseases and evaluate its potential therapeutic applications. Methods. PubMed database was used to cover articles on this topic. Results. Vitamin D possesses anti-inflammatory properties that can alleviate symptoms of dry eye syndrome. Research indicates a link between low vitamin D levels and an increased incidence of myopia, especially in children and adolescents. Patients with keratoconus exhibit reduced levels of vitamin D. Vitamin D, by affecting collagen, may help stabilize the disease. Patients with this autoimmune disease more often have vitamin D deficiency, which can worsen the course of Graves’ orbitopathy. Vitamin D may have preventive and therapeutic effects in retinoblastoma by inhibiting tumor cell growth. Low vitamin D levels are associated with an increased risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Due to its antioxidant properties, vitamin D can slow the progression of AMD. Reduced vitamin D content in people with diabetes increases the risk of diabetic retinopathy and may accelerate its progression. Conclusions. Vitamin D deficiency is a significant risk factor for many ophthalmic diseases. Maintaining optimal vitamin D levels may have preventive and therapeutic effects, improving the condition of patients with eye pathology. Further research is needed to establish clinical guidelines for the use of vitamin D in the treatment of these diseases.
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