CLINICAL AND LABORATORY SUBSTANTIATION AND PREVENTION OF CARIES IN CHILDREN AGED 2–6 YEARS

Abstract

Formulation of the problem. At the age of 2–6 years, children usually do not yet have sufficient independence and hygiene skills, so it is especially important to take measures to prevent the development of caries and prevent tooth loss. The key reasons for preventing caries in children include: – Prevalence of caries – caries is one of the most common dental problems among children. – Importance of early intervention – the caries process in temporary teeth develops much faster than in permanent teeth, so measures should be taken to prevent the occurrence of caries in the early stages, when it does not progress and does not cause significant damage to the teeth. – Reducing treatment costs – effective prevention methods help to avoid complex and expensive treatments associated with the development of caries in the future. – Preservation of healthy teeth – early diagnosis and prevention allows you to maintain healthy teeth and prevent their loss. – Improving the quality of life – preventing tooth decay helps to avoid the pain and discomfort associated with tooth decay and its treatment, providing a better quality of life for children. In children aged 2–6 years, the caries process can develop rapidly and has serious consequences for future dental health. The lack of research on specific clinical and laboratory aspects of this process limits our ability to detect and treat caries in this vulnerable age group in a timely manner. It is expected that the obtained data will provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of caries development in children aged 2–6 years and will help to develop effective prevention strategies. The study results may identify importance, clinical and laboratory parameters for early detection and successful treatment of caries in this age group. It is likely that the findings of the study will be the basis for improving prevention programs and improving the state of dental health in young children. Analysis of recent research and publications. Modern research emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis of caries in young children for early detection and treatment. The dental staff is a source of information about oral health for the public and primary health care providers. This approach is extremely important in the formation of healthy family habits in the antenatal and infant age of the child in order to prevent dental caries and sanogenic behavior for life, and minimize or eliminate behavioral risk factors. The purpose of the study – is to evaluate the available scientific evidence on the effectiveness of methods for the prevention of early childhood caries in temporary teeth. Research materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the results of the study by domestic and foreign researchers. A search was conducted for articles and scientific publications on the topic of caries prevention in children aged 2–6 years. Additionally, references, reviews and original articles were checked to find additional publications. The search methodology included the use of scientific article databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Key words were entered into the search terms, and the results were checked to identify relevant publications. Research results and their discussion. The results of the literature review confirm the need to use different methods for caries prevention, taking into account groups of temporary teeth. For the prevention of fissure caries in temporary molars, the sealing method is effective, and for the anterior group of teeth – fluoridation. It is rational to combine different methods of prevention aimed at increasing the resistance of hard tissue structures of temporary teeth. Regular information work among parents and educators can also help to raise awareness of preventive measures for children’s health. Conclusions and prospects for further research. The results obtained in this study indicate that dental healthcare professionals use a variety of methods and tools to prevent early childhood caries in young children. This wide range of approaches affects overall health and requires further research to develop effective prevention strategies. Early diagnosis of caries in young children is a key aspect of successful prevention and treatment.