PREVENTIVE APPROACHES TO AGGRESSIVE TENDENCIES IN EARLY ADOLESCENCE

Abstract

Early adolescence, between ages 10 and 14, is a sensitive stage of development. During these years, young people go through rapid physical, emotional, and social changes. Aggressive behavior can either become a long-term problem or, with the right support, be turned into healthier ways of coping. Because of this, preventive approaches are very important. Experts often use a three-level model for prevention: universal, selective, and indicated. Universal approaches are for all students and include creating a positive school climate, building strong teacher–student relationships, and teaching social skills. Selective approaches focus on groups of adolescents who face higher risks, such as those growing up in stressful families or violent neighborhoods. Indicated approaches are more intensive and help youth already showing serious aggression, often through family therapy or clinical support. Several key skills help reduce aggression. These include learning how to control emotions, solve problems peacefully, and develop empathy for others. Positive discipline at home and in school sets clear boundaries without relying on harsh punishment. A strong connection with teachers and supportive peers also protects against aggressive behavior. Different evidence-based programs have shown success. Social-emotional learning in schools improves both behavior and academic performance. Antibullying models reduce violence and make schools safer. Parenting programs teach caregivers how to set limits while staying warm and supportive. For high-risk youth, family or systems-based therapies target problems in multiple areas of life at the same time. A good practice framework should combine early screening, tiered levels of support, and ongoing monitoring. It should also consider cultural values, gender differences, and the impact of digital spaces where bullying often happens. By working together, schools, families, and communities can guide adolescents toward positive growth and help prevent aggression from becoming a lasting pattern. Thus, timely multi-level interventions during early adolescence can reduce aggression and create a strong foundation for healthy social and emotional development.