ANALYTICAL ASSESSMENT OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT

Abstract

It studies problematic issues of deepening theoretical ones, substantiation of methodological provisions on determining the essence of the "rural territory" and conducts an analytical assessment of the main indicators characterizing its development. The method of research involved the use of dialectical methods of cognition of processes and phenomena, monographic, abstract-logical, comparative analysis, empirical. The results of studies of the definition of the definition of "rural territory" are summarized, according to which the rural territory cannot be considered only as a territorial unit separated from the branch of agriculture, and it is also necessary to take into account other aspects of the economic life of such territories. The tendency to "extinction" of villages is revealed. According to the decentralization processes, regional territorial societies were grouped by the number of inhabitants and the largest and smallest regional territorial society was singled out in comparison with their social infrastructure. The demographic situation by type of locality has been analyzed and the predominance of the urban over the rural population at the present time has been established. Trends in the change of the permanent population in rural areas are revealed. With the help of graphic and tabular methods, the gender composition of the inhabitants of rural areas, the dynamics of employment in agriculture, and the labor market were demonstrated. According to 2020 data, only 443,7 thousand people were officially employed in agriculture, forestry and fisheries. In rural areas, self-employment prevails, in other words, employment in private peasant farms. As for the level of wages in agriculture, according to the data of 2020, it remains one of the lowest among other sectors of the economy (84,2% of the average for the economy). The level of wages in agriculture in comparison with industry is also characterized. It is proved that rural areas are characterized by significant reserves of labor resources that can participate in agricultural production, cultural, household and social spheres, trade, forestry, as well as develop themselves as a business entity – to have their own business in order to make a profit. About 2783,6 thousand rural residents of working age, or almost a third, are unemployed, that is, they do not work as hired persons, do not have their own business and do not produce marketable products. It should also be noted that a rather small share of own grown products is sold and is an additional source of income for the rural population. Therefore, the condition for the development of rural areas is to increase entrepreneurial activity in the countryside by attracting personal peasant farms, which were aimed only at self-sufficiency of their own needs for the creation of family farms and the competitiveness of cooperative-integration groups. Family farming can be one of the ways to organize agricultural production in the countryside. But the registration of a regional rural society in the form of a family farm should be carried out only on the initiative and desire of the peasant himself, that is, on a voluntary basis. The advantages of registration are the opportunity to receive financial, information and advisory support from the state. The results of the study can be taken into account in the development of priority areas and prospects for the development of individual regions.