ECONOMIC FEATURES OF THE MIGRATION FLOW FROM UKRAINE

Abstract

The article analyzes the problem of ensuring the rights of internally displaced persons in the future. The authors consider the economic consequences of migration as a so-called indicator of the population's reaction to changes in the economic, political, and social life of society. It is emphasized that migration processes are of concern, as they are a prerequisite for significant global demographic consequences and other negative phenomena. It is emphasized that in the short term (2025-2026), the number of internally displaced persons in Ukraine may decrease. The prospects for solving the problem of internally displaced persons (IDPs) depend on the effectiveness of state programs to support and integrate internally displaced persons at their place of temporary residence. The internally displaced population remains one of the most serious socio-demographic challenges for Ukraine. To stabilize the situation, it is necessary to introduce a set of actions. Firstly, it is necessary to reform migration policy, which in the last decade was formed under the influence of mostly political factors and was of a spontaneous nature. Migration policy should be aimed at compensating for the shortage of labor, as well as at creating long-term mechanisms for managing migration flows. Secondly, programs should be developed and implemented to encourage citizens who have gone abroad to return home. This applies to both refugees and emigrants. Thirdly, effective administration of the labor market is necessary; it is important to create not only jobs, but also incentives for the economic activity of citizens. Fourthly, the state should actively cooperate with international partners to attract investment (to finance programs for the return of Ukrainians who have gone abroad, the reintegration of internally displaced persons, etc.). Without a comprehensive approach, Ukraine risks facing long-term demographic problems that threaten the country's national security and sustainable development. At the same time, we understand that the presented steps will be most effective only in the event of cessation of hostilities on the territory of Ukraine. Despite individual periods of migration growth, the migration balance remains negative, which exacerbates the demographic crisis and weakens the country's socio-economic potential. Employment problems, lack of housing and weak state support force citizens to leave the country in search of a better life, and those who have left - to decide not to return even in the post-war period.