ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL GUARANTEES OF DIGITAL INFORMATION RELIABILITY IN JUDICIAL PROTECTION OF ELECTORAL RIGHTS AND COUNTERING CORRUPTION RISKS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32689/3083-7359.2026.2.13Keywords:
electoral process, judicial protection, electronic evidence, digital information, reliability, corruption risks, political finance, digital platforms, Central Election Commission, post-war electionsAbstract
The article examines administrative and legal guarantees of digital information reliability in judicial protection of electoral rights and in countering corruption risks in Ukraine’s electoral process, with particular attention to elections after the termination or cancellation of martial law. Four information domains are distinguished: official electoral data; campaign and political advertising materials; digital-platform content; and voters’ personal data. Effective administration of these domains must be complemented by a procedural route through which relevant records become electronic evidence suitable for timely judicial review. A dual-loop model of evidentiary trust is proposed. The administrative loop covers source authentication, logging, traceability of political-advertising finance, data minimisation and prompt preservation. The judicial loop verifies relevance, admissibility, reliability, integrity and sufficiency while safeguarding equality of arms and expedited electoral deadlines. Discrepancies in advertising payments, digital traces of voter bribery, misuse of administrative resources or register manipulation constitute risk indicators requiring verification, not automatic proof of a corruption-related or criminal offence. The study’s novelty is a digital evidentiary route from information creation to judicial assessment.
References
Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. (1996). Konstytutsiia Ukrainy vid 28.06.1996 No. 254k/96-VR [Constitution of Ukraine]. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/go/254%D0%BA/96-%D0%B2%D1%80
Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. (2019). Vyborchyi kodeks Ukrainy vid 19.12.2019 No. 396-IX [Electoral Code of Ukraine]. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/go/396-20
Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. (2004). Pro Tsentralnu vyborchu komisiiu: Zakon Ukrainy vid 30.06.2004 No. 1932-IV [On the Central Election Commission]. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/go/1932-15
Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. (2007). Pro Derzhavnyi reiestr vybortsiv: Zakon Ukrainy vid 22.02.2007 No. 698-V [On the State Voter Register]. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/go/698-16
Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. (2010). Pro zakhyst personalnykh danykh: Zakon Ukrainy vid 01.06.2010 No. 2297-VI [On Personal Data Protection]. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/go/2297-17
Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. (2005). Kodeks administratyvnoho sudochynstva Ukrainy vid 06.07.2005 No. 2747-IV [Code of Administrative Proceedings of Ukraine]. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2747-15
Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. (2001). Kryminalnyi kodeks Ukrainy vid 05.04.2001 No. 2341-III [Criminal Code of Ukraine]. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/go/2341-14
Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. (2014). Pro zapobihannia koruptsii: Zakon Ukrainy vid 14.10.2014 No. 1700-VII [On Prevention of Corruption]. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1700-18
Central Election Commission of Ukraine. (2026). Komisiia napratsiuvala propozytsii shchodo zakonodavchoho vrehuliuvannia vyboriv pislia prypynennia chy skasuvannia voiennoho stanu [CEC proposals on regulating post-war elections]. https://www.cvk.gov.ua/novini/komisiya-napratsyuvala-propozitsii-shhodo-zakonodavchogo-vregulyuvannya-viboriv-v-ukraini-pislya-pripinennya-chi-skasuvannya-voiennogo-stanu.html
European Parliament and Council. (2024). Regulation (EU) 2024/900 on the transparency and targeting of political advertising. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/900/oj/eng
European Parliament and Council. (2022). Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 on a Single Market for Digital Services (Digital Services Act). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/2065/oj/eng
Venice Commission. (2024). Interpretative Declaration of the Code of Good Practice in Electoral Matters as concerns digital technologies and artificial intelligence (CDL-AD(2024)044). https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-AD%282024%29044-e
Council of Europe. (2019). Guidelines of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe on electronic evidence in civil and administrative proceedings. https://search.coe.int/cm?i=0900001680902e0c
Riznyk, V. A. (2023). Protydiia dezinformatsii v politychnii reklami: pravovyi aspekt [Countering disinformation in political advertising: a legal aspect]. Visnyk Lvivskoho torhovelno-ekonomichnoho universytetu. Yurydychni nauky, (13). https://doi.org/10.32782/2616-7611-2023-13-07
Skorokhod, O. P. (2024). Svitovyi dosvid vprovadzhennia ta vykorystannia tsyfrovykh tekhnolohii u vyborchomu protsesi [Global experience in implementing and using digital technologies in the electoral process]. Politychne zhyttia, (2), 124–130. https://doi.org/10.31558/2519-2949.2024.2.16 [in Ukrainian].
Zharovska, I. M. (2025). Vyklyky shtuchnoho intelektu dlia pravovykh standartiv chesnykh vyboriv: problemy hlobalistyky [Challenges of artificial intelligence for legal standards of fair elections: problems of global studies]. Analitychno-porivnialne pravoznavstvo, (6, part 1), 65–69. https://doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2025.06.1.9
Afanasieva, M. V. (2026). Heneratyvnyi shtuchnyi intelekt ta peredvyborna ahitatsiia: vyklyky ta perspektyvy rehuliuvannia [Generative AI and election campaigning: challenges and regulatory prospects]. Suchasna doktryna prava, (4/98), 145–153. https://doi.org/10.25313/3083-7774-2026-4-16
Yosyfovych, N.-L. D. (2024). Kryterii otsinky elektronnykh dokaziv v administratyvnomu sudochynstvi [Criteria for evaluating electronic evidence in administrative proceedings]. Naukovyi visnyk Uzhhorodskoho Natsionalnoho Universytetu. Seriia: Pravo, 85(2), 341–346. https://doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2024.85.2.51
Turov, V. D. (2024). Vykorystannia informatsiinykh tekhnolohii na etapi dokazuvannia v administratyvnomu sudochynstvi Ukrainy [Use of information technologies at the evidence stage in administrative proceedings of Ukraine]. Naukovyi visnyk Uzhhorodskoho Natsionalnoho Universytetu. Seriia: Pravo, 82(2), 278–283. https://doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2024.82.2.44
Akhtyrska, N. M. (2023). Pravova rehlamentatsiia elektronnykh dokaziv ta praktyka yikh vykorystannia v sudochynstvi Ukrainy [Legal regulation of electronic evidence and its use in Ukrainian judicial proceedings]. Naukovyi visnyk Uzhhorodskoho Natsionalnoho Universytetu. Seriia: Pravo, 75(2), 141–150. https://doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2022.75.2.23
Podoliaka, A. M., Kurbatova, I. S., Simonovych, D. V., & Zarosylo, V. O. (2025). Okremi zminy v kryminalno-protsesualnykh normatyvnykh aktakh, yaki stosuiutsia rozsliduvannia kryminalnykh pravoporushen u sferi vyborchykh prav hromadian [Selected changes in criminal procedural acts concerning investigation of criminal offences against citizens’ electoral rights]. Pravo i suspilstvo, (2), 692–702. https://doi.org/10.32842/2078-3736/2025.2.94
Kuznietsov, M. H. (2024). Pravove zabezpechennia vyborchykh prav: problemy kryminalnoi vidpovidalnosti ta koruptsiinykh pravoporushen [Legal protection of electoral rights: issues of criminal liability and corruption offences]. Prykarpatskyi yurydychnyi visnyk, 6(59), 96–100. https://doi.org/10.32782/pyuv.v6.2024.18
Sachko, O. V., & Kuznietsov, M. H. (2024). Kryminalistychnyi analiz zlochyniv proty vyborchykh prav hromadian iz vykorystanniam informatsiinykh tekhnolohii [Forensic analysis of crimes against citizens’ electoral rights involving information technologies]. Kyivskyi chasopys prava, (4), 144–150. https://doi.org/10.32782/klj/2024.4.20
