COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC POLICY MODELS IN TRANSITIONAL SYSTEMS USING THE EXAMPLES OF GEORGIA AND MOLDOVA

Abstract

The article established that the effectiveness of public administration, both in democratic countries and in countries progressing towards democracy, depends on certain factors, in particular: historical past, economic development, territorial affiliation, global political and integration processes, and national characteristics. The level of development of civil society and political culture, trust in public authorities, the development of e-government and e-democracy significantly influence the formation of the public policy model of the state, especially political relations within the framework of the "bottom-up" concept. The study of the public policy of Moldova and Georgia made it possible to draw a number of common analogies for the two countries. Yes, the negative trends are: feedback problems, corruption, excessive verticality of power, the problem of openness of competitions for positions in control and supervisory bodies, loss of control over part of the territory, etc. The implementation of a number of electronic governance mechanisms was a positive point for these states. However, the level of trust in public authorities remains quite low, and civil society is not very active. However, if in recent years there have been positive trends in solving the problems (at least at the legislative level) in Moldova, then in Georgia the problems that have arisen, on the contrary, are deepening, which creates a danger of curtailment of democratic transformations. The conducted research made it possible to single out a model of the functioning of public policy of transitional systems, which are characterized by a small field of interaction between the government and society. There is no feedback between them. As part of the analysis, it was also highlighted that in the states of the third group there are constructive factors of building public policy that are not yet sufficiently developed to displace destructive factors, such as: corruption, oligarchy, low economic development, poverty, and, accordingly, the absence of a middle class, which in as a result, it affects the level of public trust in the authorities and their interaction with each other and to a certain extent devalues the already existing assets of public policy.