THE IMPACT OF COMMUNICATION WITH ANIMALS ON THE MENTAL STATE OF CHILDREN WITH NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISEASES AND VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS

Abstract

Formulation of the problem. The sources of scientific literature lack a clear classification and structure of negative mental states regarding the predominance or presence of their individual species in a given age period, the corresponding psychodiagnostic tools are insufficient, methods of psycho-correction of negative mental states remain insufficiently developed and theoretically justified. Among the recommendations of psychocorrectional interventions there is no method of animal therapy, this issue is not sufficiently developed and poorly covered in scientific sources, while the use of animal assistants for treatment and rehabilitation purposes is becoming increasingly popular and common throughout the world, which is also observed in Ukraine. Formulating the purpose of the article: to justify zoopsychological mechanisms and evaluate the effectiveness of psychocorrectional effects of animals. Presenting main material. As a result of monitoring the reactions of children in animals and their attitude towards them, we identified four types of response: І – adequate responses (≈ 65 %); ІІ – not quite adequate reactions (≈ 23 %); ІІІ – absolutely inadequate reactions (≈ 7 %); IV – rejection of the animal (no reaction) (≈ 5 %). Communication with animals reduces the manifestations of aggression, has a positive effect on communication and the emotional state of the individual. The accumulation of aggressiveness, combined with a decrease in communication links, limited communication, lack of positive emotions, can cause the appearance of negative mental states and lead to the neurotization of the individual. Communication with animals in the process of psychocorrection reduces the threshold of aggressiveness, which is of great psycho-prophylactic importance. Conclusions and perspectives of further research. Psychological correction based on zootherapy, due to the fact that interaction is organized indirectly through animals, helps to solve communicative and personal problems, create a positive motivation for success, reduce the manifestation of negative behaviors and unmotivated aggression, broaden the spectrum of emotions, provide an opportunity to relieve emotional tension waiting and directing activity.