RESEARCH ON SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL RESILIENCE AND VULNERABILITY OF FIREFIGHTER-RESCUERS OF THE STATE EMERGENCY SERVICE OF UKRAINE UNDER MARTIAL LAW

Abstract

This article presents the results of research into the socio-psychological resilience and vulnerability of Ukrainian firefighters during the martial law period. Among professional groups working in extreme conditions, firefighters are vulnerable to emotional stress due to high responsibility and repeated exposure to traumatic events. The article examines the interaction of socio-psychological resilience and vulnerability in the context of professional activity, as well as the role of psychological support in maintaining mental health. It is noted that during wartime firefighters demonstrate a combination of emotional vulnerability and internal resilience, which affects their professional performance and ability to adapt to stressful situations. The study was conducted using an author-developed questionnaire that included six main domains: professional self-efficacy, emotional regulation, stigma and barriers to seeking help, adaptation stress, social support, and psychological adaptability. Statistical analysis involved t-tests to compare mean values between firefighters from different regions, and Cohen’s effect size was used to assess the practical significance of the findings. The results indicate that firefighters from frontline areas exhibit more pronounced emotional overload and higher stigma related to seeking psychological help compared to those working in regions distant from active combat zones. At the same time, firefighters from remote areas demonstrate stronger social support and a more positive attitude toward emotional recovery after stressful situations. The findings emphasize the importance of psychological support systems, regular debriefings, and programs to reduce psychosocial maladaptation and professional burnout in practice under wartime service