ANALYSIS OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL MECHANISM THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM IN GERMANY

Abstract

The article provides a generalized analysis of the organizational and legal mechanism functioning of the German health care system according to the national legislation in the Federal Republic of Germany. Based on the results of the analysis, three levels of the German health care organization system were conditionally determined. The first level includes Federal lands, which have their own legislative powers and are responsible for the implementation of federal legislation, as well as for the planning and financing of inpatient treatment, exercise technical and administrative supervision over the municipal health care service; municipal health care bodies that are close to local residents; communes that operate close to people and are responsible for local health care. The second level is self-government (Federal Joint Committee (G-BA), Health Insurance Companies and the Central Association of Health Insurance Companies, the Central Association of Health Insurance Funds (GKV-Spitzenverband), the German Hospital Association, the National Associations of Physicians and Dentists for compulsory health insurance and others. Individual hospitals do not represent their interests individually, but through their associations. At the national level, hospitals are organized into state hospital associations. The regional associations, in turn, are united in the German Hospital Association (DKG), which assumes the legal tasks within the framework of self-governance in the health care system. The third level is individual actors and their representative bodies, including federal and state chambers of various health care professions, patient organizations, professional groups and interest groups of medical profession associations, nonmedical health professions associations, private health insurance associations, and associations of pharmaceutical manufacturers. The main principles of the health care system of the Federal Republic of Germany are also indicated: 1) the principle of mandatory; 2) financing of contributions; 3) the principle of solidarity; 4) the principle of self-government.