PERSIAN PHRASEOLOGISMS WITH THE SOMATIC COMPONENTS «HEAD» AND «EYE»: IDEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS

Abstract

This article is devoted to the semantic characteristics of Persian phraseologisms with somatisms رس sar «head» and مشچ češm «eye», as well as determining the role of somatisms and somatic expressions in formation of the linguistic picture of the world of the people. The basis of the research is the analysis of the semantics of Persian phraseological units (further – FUs) with the indicated components-somatisms, selected by the continuous sampling method from Persian-language online sites. In general, the research material is 35 FUs. Based on V. Uzhchenko’s ideographic classification, an own ideographic division of Persian somatic FUs was created into four groups: 1) FUs to denote negative human behavior, 2) FUs to denote human qualities and character traits; 3) FUs, which describe the psycho-emotional state of a person; 4) FUs to indicate mental and labor activity of a person. The conducted quantitative calculations show that the largest number in the collected material is FUs to indicate a person’s negative behavior (43%), in the second place – phraseologisms to indicate the qualities and character of a person (23%), in the third place – FUs to indicate mental and emotional state (20% ), and the smallest number was phraseological units that describe mental and labor activity of people (14%). Considering the fact that somatisms are the oldest layer of the vocabulary of any language, somatic phraseology plays a significant role in creating the linguistic picture of the world of any nation, reflecting its value orientations in the national and cultural sphere. Thus, the analysis of the semantic features of the FUs with the somatic components sar «head» and češm «eye» provides an opportunity for a better understanding of the peculiarities of world perception and worldview of the carriers of Iranian culture, its historical and cultural heritage. The proposed ideographic analysis of phraseological expressions can be used for a comparative analysis of the phraseological systems of the Persian and Ukrainian languages in order to determine common and distinctive features in the worldview of both nations.