FORMATION AND STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE THEORY AND POLITICS OF MULTICULTURALISM IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32689/2523-4625-2023-3(69)-11Keywords:
multiculturality, multiculturalism, integration, minority groups, native majority, socio-cultural diversity, European countriesAbstract
The study examines, analyzes and systematizes the issues surrounding the formation and stages of development of the theory and politics of multiculturalism in European countries. This is done both through specific European cases and from a general European perspective. The focus is primarily on the theoretical, practical and political aspects of multiculturalism and its development stages in managing socio-cultural diversity in European countries. This includes partial consideration of the challenges and issues associated with European multiculturalism. The article covers the period after the end of the Second World War, during which several periods or phases of the delineation, understanding and testing of multiculturalism in European countries are identified. The interpretation used is that multiculturalism, alongside assimilationism, cosmopolitanism and integrationism, is one of the possible approaches to managing socio-cultural diversity and integration. It was popular and successful in some European countries in the past, but is increasingly met with criticism and restrictions nowadays. The study identifies various approaches to understanding multiculturalism, especially in terms of its abandonment in favor of other models for managing socio-cultural diversity in European countries. This is crucial, because multiculturalism can have both positive and negative aspects and consequences, often depending on the approach to its definition. Overall, the study argues the paradox of multiculturalism, both in general and in European countries. Since it has evolved to generate the same problems, it sought to address from the outset (from its theorization and implementation in some European countries), including increased hostility and inequality between different population groups (immigrants and the native majority).
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