POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS AS A FACTOR IN STATE ECONOMIC SECURITY: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE AND UKRAINIAN CHALLENGES

Abstract

The article examines the influence of political institutions on ensuring the economic security of the state. The author reveals the conceptual foundations of the institutional approach in political science, emphasising that the stability and effectiveness of political mechanisms directly determine the state’s ability to implement economic policy, maintain macroeconomic balance, and counter internal and external challenges.Particular attention is paid to the analysis of global experience in implementing political reforms that have become catalysts for economic transformation. Using the examples of Chile, Poland, Singapore, Zimbabwe, and Venezuela, the results of reforms are examined and the factors contributing to their success or failure are identified.Successful cases show that factors such as consistency of public policy, institutional capacity, and political will play a key role in achieving economic breakthroughs.The paper emphasises the link between institutional quality and the state’s ability to ensure economic stability.It notes that transparent, accountable and inclusive political institutions create the conditions for the development of entrepreneurship, the protection of property rights, the attraction of investment and the formation of trust in the country’s economic course on the part of both citizens and international partners.The author analyses international approaches to political integration, in particular the participation of states in the activities of organisations such as the UN, WTO, IMF and EU, emphasising that adaptation to international standards contributes to institutional capacity building and opens up access to global resources. At the same time, attention is drawn to the challenges faced by states in maintaining political autonomy under external pressure.In the context of Ukraine, the author emphasises the need to strengthen political institutions as a prerequisite for post-war recovery and economic modernisation. Based on the experience of other countries, priority areas for institutional reform have been identified: overcoming corruption, ensuring the rule of law, stability of management decisions, and strengthening participation in international political and economic structures.