BIOCENOSIS OF THE MAMMARY GLANDS IN CHILDREN WITH LACTOSTASIS

Abstract

Breastfeeding is one of the components of health and optimal development of a newborn child, and a woman's health. Lactation disorders can be the cause of mastitis. In conditions of violation of milk evacuation, there is a change in the microbiological state of the mammary gland in the direction of the growth of pathogenic bacteria, which later leads to the development of a mammary gland abscess. The article compares the microbiological state in different areas of the mammary glands of 67 parturients with normal lactation during the 7 days of the postpartum period with biocenosis of the mammary glands in parturients diagnosed with lactostasis. In the picture of the biocenosis of the mammary gland, attention is paid to the changes of such a microorganism as Aerococcus viridians, which is an antagonistically active saprophytic microorganism. The conducted research makes it possible to further apply a promising method of preventing mastitis with the help of probiotics which contain Aerococcus viridians. The aim of the study. lactostasis during the postpartum period with women in labor who were lactating without pathology on the 3rd and 5th-7th days of the postpartum period. At the same time, separately analyze the changes in the content of Aerococcus viridians, which is a representative of saprophytic and antagonistic microflora, in different groups of parturients. Taking into account the obtained data, prove the feasibility of using probiotics, which are represented by Aerococcus viridians, in the prevention of the development of mastitis. Research materials and methods. The analysis of the microbiological state of the mammary glands was carried out from the sections of the areola mammae and the papilla mammae in 33 parturients without lactostasis and in 34 parturients with lactostasis, with subsequent identification of bacterial flora. A selective indicator medium was used for sowing Aerococcus viridians. Results and discussion. During the bacteriological examination of women in labor of different groups, 13 strains of bacillus and coccal microflora were detected. The spectrum of microflora included bacteria that were saprophytic for the biocenosis of the mammary gland – Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprofiticus, Aerococcus viridians, conditionally pathogenic Micrococcus sp., Candida sp. and pathogenic – Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter sp., E. solli, Klebsiella pneumonia. Separately, there were singled out the so-called compensatory microorganisms, which also had high antagonistic activity in the biocenosis of the mammary glands – Bacillus sp. Microflora analysis revealed that during the physiological course of the postpartum period, Staphilococcus epidermidis, Staphilococcus saprofiticus, and Aerococcus viridians were sown with a high percentage. In the dynamics of puerperium, the favorable growth of Staphylococcus saprofiticus, Bacillus subtilis sp., and Aerococcus viridians. Pathogenic microflora was sown from different areas of the mammary gland much less often. In parturient women with lactostasis, there was a probable increase in the seeding of Staphylococcus aureus up to 73.5% in various areas of the mammary glands, Enterobacter sp. up to 47.0%, E. solli up to 35.3% and Klebsiella pneumonia up to 26.5%. When compared with the biocenosis of the mammary gland of parturient women during physiological lactation, in parturient women with lactostasis, the seeding of saprophytic microflora, as well as Aerococcus viridians in particular, decreased significantly to 5.9% (р<0.05). The results of the conducted research make it possible to use a probiotic containing Aerococcus viridians to prevent the development of lactational mastitis. Conclusions. In women with the physiological course of lactation, an increase in the colonization of the mammary glands by saprophytic and antagonistic active coccal flora was observed, with a simultaneous decrease in the colonization of Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative enterobacteria from different areas of the mammary gland. The stability of the biocenosis of the mammary gland during physiological lactation was maintained due to the introduction of representatives of the genus Bacillus sp. In parturient women, during the development of lactostasis, the biocenosis of the mammary glands changed significantly due to an increase in the seeding of Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative enterobacteria, which is a significant factor in the development of lactational mastitis. Taking into account the reliable decrease in lactostasis in the biocenosis of the mammary gland Aerococcus viridians, there are prospects for the use of probiotics that contain Aerococcus viridians for the prevention of lactational mastitis.