INDIVIDUAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL CORRELATIONS AND FACTORS OF SUBJECTIVE PERCEPTION OF TIME: A THEORETICAL ANALYSIS

Abstract

The article provides a systematic analysis of modern scientific approaches to the definition of subjective time perception, reveals its cognitive and emotional mechanisms, and identifies the main individual psychological correlates of this phenomenon. Subjective time, unlike physical time, is dynamic, variable, and dependent on many factors, which determines the interdisciplinary nature of its research. The study of this issue is extremely important in the context of the psychology of time, as it allows for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of subjective assessment of the duration of events, perception of the past, present and future, as well as the peculiarities of the temporal organization of the individual. The author analyzes retrospective and prospective perception of time, which determine the peculiarities of interpreting past experience and expectations of future events. It is proved that the subjective perception of time is formed under the influence of cognitive, emotional, sociocultural and neurophysiological factors. In particular, it has been found that the level of attention focus, the state of awareness of emotional states, and personal characteristics (in particular, psychotic traits and impulsivity) can significantly modify the time perspective and the speed of time in the individual mind. The results of the research showed that individuals with increased impulsivity, psychotic personality traits, or a reduced level of cognitive control demonstrate a distorted perception of time intervals. It has been found that the assessment of the duration of events is also significantly influenced by the level of anxiety, motivational aspects, and the subjective significance of events. It was found that the emotional state changes the subjective assessment of time: under the influence of stress or anxiety, time intervals expand, while in a state of joy or interest, time seems fleeting. The conclusions emphasize that the subjective perception of time is a complex multifactorial phenomenon determined by the interaction of neurophysiological, cognitive, personal, and social mechanisms. Its dynamic nature confirms the need for further interdisciplinary research aimed at revealing the patterns of temporal organization of consciousness and behavior.