THE NEGATIVE SOCIAL CAPITAL: CONSTRUCTIVITY DESTRUCTION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32689/2617-9660-2019-3(5)-121-131Keywords:
negative social capital, social resource, trust, network.Abstract
An article analyzes the nature of negative social capital and the mechanisms of its occurrence. Having systematized the views of famous scientists, the author comes to the conclusion that the consideration of the destructive aspects of a social resource is actualized due to its numerous manifestations and the dualistic nature of influence, both at the individual and group levels. Despite a lot of scientific publications, there is still no single approach to the definition of social capital, especially its negative type. Focusing on the concept of T. Goshal, the author proposes to consider negative social capital in three dimensions, namely: structural, relational and cognitive ones. The author of the article focuses on the negative phenomena of social ties, such as nepotism, favoritism, and immoral familiarity. There is also a correlation between group trust and its generalized format when the amplification of the first category is accompanied by a significant weakening of the latter. The author considers the attempts of P. Adler and S. Kwon to present ways of forming social capital based on a closed or open network of ties. Comparing the diverse structures of the communication network, we can talk about the presence of the ambivalent functionality of structural gaps from the perspective of creating a strong social resource. The author also focuses on the relations between formal and informal institutions as a consequence of the transmission of narrow interests to society as a whole. It comes about creating alternative structures as a mechanism for legitimizing ties based on ethnicity, profession or other criteria. Such a situation leads to the conservation of social reality and the division of society into separate impact clusters, which negatively affects the formation of civil activity. The author notes that particular trust may play a positive role, but only if it does not deny ties with its generalized format.
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