ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY OF THE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD

Abstract

The publication analyzes the main directions of development of state environmental policy of developed countries. It is argued that the European Community’s policy on the environment includes the following elements: current and future environmental problems, security theories, discourses of modern environmental policy and more. It is noted that the guidelines for the development of state environmental policy of developed countries come from the goals of EU environmental policy. These include, in particular: environmental protection; human health; rational use of natural resources; promotion of international environmental cooperation. It is proved that the key challenges of ecological security of the 21st century include such factors as: world population growth, competition for natural resources, impact on emergency safety, etc. In 2019, the Munich Security Conference was held, where the threat was recognized de facto. Later, similar data were covered at a conference on planetary security in The Hague. It is substantiated that the proactive attitude of EU member states to combat environmental challenges is reflected in the successful fight against climate change in some countries (Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland). These countries associate climate change and emergencies with the global natural security agenda. In addition, in 2017, Interpol published the Emergency Security Strategy for 2017-2020. The document stressed the need to monitor changes in ecosystems, landscapes and society. Meanwhile, what is needed for the European Community in the long run is to prevent «catastrophic» changes such as increasing droughts and rising sea levels. Other aspects of emergency monitoring that Interpol calls attention to are the verification of livelihoods, resource availability and food security.