STUDY OF THE FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY OF MASTICATORY MUSCLES IN PATIENTS WITH COMPLETE LOSS OF TEETH, REHABILITATED WITH DIFFERENT DESIGNS OF DENTAL PROSTHESES

Abstract

Introduction. Complete loss of teeth is an irreversible pathology that is the «ultimate marker of disease burden for oral health», leading to a decrease in masticatory efficiency, aesthetic, phonetic and psychological status. Implant rehabilitation of complete tooth loss is becoming increasingly popular due to increased public access to this type of treatment. Purpose: To study the functional activity of masticatory muscles in patients with complete loss of teeth, rehabilitated with different designs of dental prostheses. Materials and methods. Conducting an electromyographic examination of 92 patients aged 45-70 with complete loss of teeth on one of the jaws before and after the manufacture of orthopedic structures and 20 people of a control group of the same age. Group I included 28 patients who were made traditional complete removable dentures, group II included 29 patients with non-removable temporary orthopedic structures made according to the generally accepted method with support for four to six intraosseous dental implants and immediate loading, which were changed to permanent ones through half year. Group III included 35 patients who were made complete removable temporary orthopedic structures with a beam fixation system supported by intraosseous dental implants with immediate loading according to our improved technique. For all patients, orthopedic structures were made for the first time. The electromyographic study was carried out with the help of the M-Test computer neuroelectromyograph manufactured by the association «DH System» (Kharkov). The results. This study demonstrated that temporary fixed prostheses on implants and temporary removable prostheses with beam attachment are able to restore EMG activity immediately after fixation of the prostheses and do not require an adaptation period. The recovered activity remained stable for a period exceeding twelve months. At the same time, patients with standard complete removable prostheses demonstrated poor neuromuscular coordination with altered muscle pattern and lower masticatory symmetry index values than subjects in the control group and other experimental groups at all follow-up times. Conclusion. Based on the electromyographic indicators, the restoration of the dentition in case of complete loss of teeth with implants-supported prostheses allows full functional rehabilitation of dental patients.