GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS FOR PERIODONTAL DISEASES (LITERATURE REVIEW)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32689/2663-0672-2024-4-13Keywords:
periodontitis, risk factors, genetic factors, literature reviewAbstract
Introduction. Periodontal tissue diseases are multifactorial in nature and depend not only on local etiological factors, but can also be a consequence of somatic pathology. Identification of risk factors helps to adjust the treatment and prevention among patients by stopping impact of such factors or by modifying intensity of their influence. Objective. To assess the significance of the available evidence regarding the issue of periodontal disease occurrence and to identify the leading influencing factors. Methods. In order to form the primary cohort of publications, a search for such publications was conducted using the Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/), PubMed (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/), ResearchGate (https://www.researchgate. net/) services and the following set of keywords: “risk factors”, “periodontitis”, “genetic factors”. Results. The paper analyzes the literature on the causes of periodontal diseases, including the most common factors, such as poor oral hygiene, indicators of balanced nutrition, social factors, and also, taking into account the genetic component, including a set of genes responsible for the occurrence and progression of the inflammatory process within periodontal tissues. Conclusions. During the literature review, it was found that microbial and environmental factors play a significant role regarding the onset and progression of inflammatory processes within periodontal tissues, however, the severity of inflammation can be partially mediated by the influence of genetically associated factors, some of which are modifiable risk factors and are subject for full or partial correction.
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