PROXY NATIONS AS A FACTOR IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF PUBLIC GOVERNANCE AMID INTERNATIONAL CONFLICTS

Abstract

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the phenomenon of proxy nations as instruments of geopolitical influence and as factors that transform public governance in the context of armed conflicts and global instability. It conceptualizes proxy nations as artificial, quasi-state entities created or supported by external actors to achieve political, economic, or military objectives in conflict zones. The typology of proxy nations is explored, including classification based on the level of state support, functional purpose, and degree of institutional autonomy. Particular attention is paid to the impact of proxy nations on public administration systems, especially in regard to challenges to territorial integrity, fragmentation of state authority, delegitimization of political institutions, and escalation of political instability. The article highlights governance transformation processes initiated or accelerated by the activity of proxy nations. Drawing on comparative analysis of conflicts in Kosovo, Syria, Palestine, Kurdistan, Nagorno-Karabakh, Libya, and Ukraine, the study identifies mechanisms through which proxy nations alter political power structures, governance hierarchies, and models of social mobilization. The theoretical framework incorporates realism, constructivism, globalization theories, and critical geopolitics, providing a multidimensional understanding of the role of proxy nations in the evolving global security architecture. The final section outlines strategic challenges for national policies and international governance mechanisms in response to the growing influence of proxy nations. The article concludes with practical recommendations for improving institutional resilience and policy adaptation, while also identifying key areas for future interdisciplinary research in public governance and conflict management.