AN OVERVIEW OF THE CURRENT STATE AND FUTURE PROSPECTS OF RESPIRATORY GAS SUPPLY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

Abstract

The aim of the article is to investigate the state and the directions of the development of supply management systems for respiratory gas mixtures that contain oxygen, nitrogen, helium and other gases in varying proportions. This topic is of particular importance at present, given the substantial demand for such systems in hospitals to support patients’ vital functions, in aviation, the space sector, during emergency response, and in industrial processes that employ specialised gas mixtures. The problem of developing respiratory gas supply management systems came to the fore during COVID-19 pandemic and, amid the current period of Russian military aggression, remains salient. Accordingly, the article highlights issues related to supply logistics in emergencies, when demand for respiratory gas mixtures surges abruptly. It considers opportunities for the design of modular and portable systems that can be rapidly deployed in field conditions. Respiratory gas supply management systems are undergoing active development in response to growing requirements for safety, efficiency and environmental sustainability, integrating cutting-edge technologies and innovative approaches. Contemporary development trends include the implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and big data analytics to optimise gas-flow management, anticipate consumption needs, and prevent emergency situations. For example, IoT sensors enable real-time monitoring of pressure, temperature and mixture composition, whereas AI algorithms can predict demand on the basis of operational data. There are challenges associated with the design and operation of such systems, notably ensuring high-precision dosing, compliance with international standards (ISO, FDA), and reducing energy consumption and the carbon footprint. An important direction is the development of closed-cycle systems that enable gas reclamation and reuse, thereby reducing costs and supporting environmental sustainability. Methodology. To provide a structured analysis of development pathways, assess the current state and outline prospects, the article employs a systems approach to analyse logistics strategies for ensuring timely delivery of oxygen mixtures to hospitals during peak loads. It underpins the need for an interdisciplinary approach involving experts in engineering, medicine, information technology and environmental science; and the importance of international collaboration for knowledge exchange and harmonisation of standards. To assess the current state and define the prospects for respiratory gas supply management systems, we apply a systematic literature review across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar over the last five years, covering topics such as open-loop vs closed-loop, gas delivery automation, digital health, and environmental/economic efficiency. The scientific novelty. The article develops and information-logical model of an intelligent system for monitoring and automated control of gas-mixture delivery using digital twins, the adopting of which contributes to improving the quality of healthcare service delivery. Conclusion. In our view, further progress in the development of the respiratory gas supply management systems will depend on the capacity to integrate advanced technologies while ensuring the reliability, accessibility and sustainable development of respiratory gas supply systems on a global scale.